A: Key Words and Expressions:

1. Which of the news media above is the most reliable? 以上的新聞媒體中哪一種最可靠？

reliable adj. 可信賴的; 可依靠的； 確定的

They are reliable friends. 他們是可信賴的朋友。

Is the source of the information reliable? 那個消息的來源可靠嗎？

[鏈接] reliably adv. 可靠地；確實(shí)地 reliability n. 可靠性；可信賴性

2. The man was fired. 那個人被解雇了。

fire的動詞用法

(1) 解雇，開除

The company fired him for not coming to work on time. 那個公司因他不按時上班解雇了他。

(2) 發(fā)射

He fired his gun at the big snake. 他開槍打那條大蛇。

(3) 激發(fā)（人、感情等），使充滿熱情

The story fired his imagination. 這個故事激發(fā)了他的想象力。

3. The man faced difficulties.

(1) face v.t. 面臨（困難等），應(yīng)付， 面對；（危險、困難等）迫近

可與介詞 to/ towards / on連用

We must face our trouble and bear it. 我們必須正視我們的困難并勇于承受。

The house faces south／the south／to the south．那房子面朝南。

Vt.面臨(困難、危險等)

He faced the difficulty with courage．

He faced the enemy bravely．

[短語]

be faced with 面臨，面對 face up to面對；承擔(dān)

face the music接受（不愉快的后果或情況）(對自己的行為結(jié)果)負(fù)起責(zé)任；接受批評)

I was faced with a new problem. 我面臨了新問題。

She couldn’t face up to the fact that she was no longer young.

她無法面對自己不再年輕的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the music.

那個男孩被發(fā)現(xiàn)考試作弊，不得不接受懲罰。

I must face the music and accept responsibility．我一定接受批評并承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

If anything goes wrong，“is 1 who will have to face the music．

如果出了什么問題，負(fù)責(zé)任的是我。

(2) difficulty表示“難，困難”時用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“難題，難事”時用作可數(shù)名詞。

e.g. She learned to speak English without difficulty. 她毫無困難地學(xué)會了講英語。

We will face many difficulties in the future. 將來我們要面臨許多難題。

l'm in a bit of a difficulty over paying my rent．我對付房租有點(diǎn)困難，

在下列句式或短語中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞。

have(much／no／1ittle)difficulty with sth．

have／find(much／no／little)difficulty(in)doing sth．

There is(no／1ittle／much)difficulty(in)doing sth．

with／without difficulty困難地／輕易地

I don't have much difficulty with English grammar．我對學(xué)英語語法沒什么困難。

She had no difficulty in finding the house．她毫無困難地找到了那間房子。

The patient had difficulty breathing．那個病人呼吸困難。

She found no difficulty in solving the problem．她發(fā)現(xiàn)解決那個問題沒什么困難。

There was little difficulty in understanding him．理解他的意思沒什么困難。

She calmed her daughter with some difficulty．她費(fèi)了力氣才使女兒平靜下來。

He finished the work without much difficulty．他很輕松地完成了工作。

4. The man was generous.

generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；寬容的；豁達(dá)的；豐富的，豐盛的

e.g. He is generous with his money. 他出手大方。

He gave me a generous lunch. 他請我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。

[鏈接] generous adv. 慷慨地 generosity n. 慷慨大方

5.Below is a list of ten things that happened today. 以下列出了今天發(fā)生的十件事。

本句為倒裝句，正常語序應(yīng)為：A list of ten things that happened today is below.

below看作副詞，表示方位，當(dāng)表示方位的狀語或表語位于句首時，句子采用全部倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)，即把謂語動詞的所有組成部分都移到主語之前。這類作狀語或表語的詞常見的有：away, down, in, off, out, over, up, above, below, here, there及介詞短語與分詞。

Here is a seat for you.這兒有你的一個座位。

There goes the bell!鈴響了。

Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.

黑板上寫著昨天遲到的人的名字。

6.France elected a new president.

elect v.t. 選舉，推選

e.g. They elected a president. / They elected him as President.

他們選舉了總統(tǒng)。/ 他們選舉他為總統(tǒng)。

注意：若選舉某人擔(dān)任某職位，且該職位只有一個時，通常不用冠詞。

e.g. Our classmates elected him as/to be/our/as our monitor.

They elected the old man to be chairman of the club.他們推選那位老人為俱樂部主席。

[辨析] elect, pick out, choose

elect是指通過正式手續(xù)的選舉。

e.g. Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the U.S.A.

羅斯福四次當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)。

choose通常指在所提供的對象中，憑個人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇。

e.g. We had to choose between leaving early and paying for a taxi.

我們不得不在早點(diǎn)動身和雇計(jì)程車中間作出選擇。

There are ten to choose from.

pick out比較通俗，指按個人喜好或希望進(jìn)行挑選，多用于有行的東西。

e.g. She picked out a scarf to wear with the dress.

她挑選了一條圍巾以配上她穿的衣服。

7.Food prices are going up. 食品價格在上漲。

go up上升，增長，提高

e.g. The temperature has gone up.

The lift went up to the fourth floor. 電梯升到了四樓。

8.A house in your city burnt down. Nobody was injured.

你們鎮(zhèn)上一座房子被燒毀。無人員傷亡。

(1)burn down 燒毀；使燒毀【強(qiáng)調(diào)破壞性】；（由于燃料燒盡）火力減弱

These houses were burnt down to the ground. 這些房子被燒毀。

The fire is burning down, get some more coal please.

[比較] burn up燒盡，燒光【強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果】；（火，爐等）燒起來，旺起來

e.g. Put some wood on the fire and make it burn up.

(2) injure v.t. 使受傷；損害，傷害（感情）

She injured herself while skating．她在滑冰時受了傷。

The earthquake killed 2000 people and inured 3000。

地震造成2000人死亡，3000人受傷。

He got badly inured in the accident．在這次事故中他受了重傷。

The injured were taken to hospital．傷員被送往醫(yī)院。

Smoking will inure your health．吸煙會損害你的健康。

I hope l didn't inure her feelings．我希望沒有傷害她的感情。

Her refusal inured his pride．她拒絕了他，傷了他的自尊心。

[辨析] injure, wound, hurt, harm的區(qū)別：

injure傷害，損害（感情），損害（名譽(yù)）。普通用詞，常指各種性質(zhì)的身體上或精神上的傷害。多指事故中人或物的損傷，包括容貌、生理、身體等。

e.g. In the traffic accident, two were killed and three get injured.

在交通事故中，兩人遇難，三人受傷。

He was so injured in his pride that he stayed at home all day without meeting anyone.

他的自尊受到了如此的傷害以至于他成天待在家里，不見外人。

wound使受傷，傷害，損害，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身體上較重的傷害，像刀傷、槍傷、刺傷等。多指戰(zhàn)場上受傷，還可以指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。

e.g. The soldier was badly wounded in the head.這個士兵頭部受了重傷。

The bullet wounded his arm.子彈打傷了他的胳膊。

hurt傷害（感情）。普通用詞，沒有injure正式，常用于口語。多用于有生命的東西常指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的傷害。作不及物動詞，表“疼痛”。

e.g. Luckily no one was seriously hurt in the car accident.

The girl fell off her bike, and one of her legs hurt.

harm常用于口語，表示肉體或精神上的傷害均可以，有時可引起不安，不便。

e.g. There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.

Getting up early won’t harm you! 早起對你沒有害處。

9.Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.

報紙和其他媒介并不僅僅記錄已發(fā)生的事情。

(1) 該句中的do是助動詞，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，用以加強(qiáng)說話者的語氣。

e.g. Do remember to remind me to return the book I borrowed from you.

(2) more than不僅僅；極為，非常；多于；難以；不能

e.g. She’s more than a teacher to us.

The boy more than smiled but laughed. 這男孩不僅是微笑，而是放聲大笑了。

We are more than pleased with the results. 我們對結(jié)果極為滿意。

He has more than 300 pictures.

This room is three time larger than that one.這個房間比那個房間大兩倍。

The old man is two times older than I am. 這個老人的年齡比我大一倍。

That is more than I can tell. 那是怎么回事我實(shí)在難說。

①more than + 數(shù)詞，意為“……以上；多于……；……有余”。

More than 20 club members attended the meeting．

有20多個俱樂部成員出席會議。

②more than+名詞，意為“不只；不僅僅”。

Peace is much more than the absence Of war．和平不僅僅是意味著沒有戰(zhàn)爭。

③more than+形容詞或副詞，意為“非常；十分；更加；豈止”。

He is more than selfish．他非常自私。

I am more than happy to hear that．聽到這我非常高興。

Her performance was more than good；it was perfect．

她的表演豈止是好，簡直是完美無缺。

④more than + 動詞，意為“十分；大大地；不僅僅”。

He more than smiled；he laughed outright．他豈止是微笑，他簡直是大笑了。

⑤more than．”can／could，意為“不能……”。

The beauty of Hang zhou is more than words can describe．

杭州之美是語言所不能描述的。

That's more than l can tell you，Sir．這一點(diǎn)我是不能告訴您的，先生。

10.Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them.

經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的編輯和記者對于該報道什么事件以及如何報道作出明智的決定。

(1) 句中的experienced(富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)和informed(見識廣的，有知識的) 都是動詞的過去分詞作定詞，修飾動詞。單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞前面。

e.g. a fallen tree一棵倒下的樹 a broken chair一把破椅子stolen cultural relics被盜的文物

(2) informed adj. 明智的，有知識的，了解情況的

e.g. He is a well-informed man.他是個消息靈通的人。

inform的用法:

inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事 inform sb. that/wh-…告知某人

inform sb.＋疑問詞＋不定式

e.g. The singer informed us of their arrival.歌手們把他們到來的消息告訴了我們。

The nurse informed me that visiting hours were over.護(hù)士告訴我探病時間已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。

Who informed you when to start? 是誰告訴你們出發(fā)時間的？

11.They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories.

他們還要確保報道的內(nèi)容與讀者的生活密切相關(guān)。

relate v.i. & v.t （和～）相關(guān)；涉及；把～與～關(guān)聯(lián)起來

e.g. It is difficult to relate the two cases. 很難把兩個案子聯(lián)系起來。

We should learn to relate the results to the causes.

我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會把結(jié)果與原因聯(lián)系起來看問題。

Light industry is closely related to the people’s life.輕工業(yè)與人們的生活有密切的關(guān)系。

12.The two reporters agreed to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than the interviewers in order to let us know about their work and how the news we read in made.

兩位記者同意交換角色，作一次受訪者而不是采訪者，讓我們了解他們的工作，了解我

們讀到的新聞是怎樣制作和編寫出來的。

(1) switch v. 轉(zhuǎn)換，改變

e.g. He is always switching jobs. 他總變換工作。

He switched the recorder to the “off” position.他將錄音機(jī)擰到“關(guān)”的位置。

(2) for once 就這（那）一次

e.g. For once they broke the rule.這一次，他們違規(guī)了。

For once our manager came late. 我們的經(jīng)理這次來晚了。

He beat me for once.他只有一次贏了我。

(3)rather than"而不是；而沒有”

rather than很像一個連詞，前后常用一種平行結(jié)構(gòu)，即前面用名詞，后面也跟名詞；

前面用動詞原形，后也要接動詞即要求前后成分要一致。

He decided to write to rather than (to) phone.他決定寫信而不打電話了。

I’d like to go there in autumn rather than in summer.我愿意秋天去那里而不愿意夏天去。

He was engaging in writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper.

他正忙著寫信而不是看報紙。

He is an artist rather than a politician．他是一位藝術(shù)家，而不是政治家。

The colour seems green rather than blue．顏色好像是綠的，不是藍(lán)的。

It ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter．

是你而不是我應(yīng)該在這封信上簽字。，

They were screaming rather than singing．他們在尖叫，而不是在唱歌。

He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper．

他在忙著寫東西。而不是在讀報紙。

She telephoned rather than wrote．她打了電話，而沒有寫信。

I am going to forget the whole affair，rather than cause trouble．

我打算把整個事情忘掉，而不是打算惹麻煩。

rather than后接動詞不定式時，可省略不定式符號to.

She likes to keep things rather than(to)throw them away．

Rather than go there，I'd prefer to stay here on my own．

13.After the interview, the reporter must present the material in an organized way and make sure that the article reflects events and opinions truthfully.

采訪后，記者一定要提交出組織嚴(yán)密的材料，并確保文章的真實(shí)反映事實(shí)和輿論。

(1) present vt.呈現(xiàn)；描述；介紹；贈送

e.g. When will you present your report?你什么時候提出報告？

The government presented cars to the hospitals. 政府向醫(yī)院贈送了一些車。

Allow me to present Mr. Brown to you. 請?jiān)试S我把布朗先生介紹給你。

(2) reflect vt. 反映；表現(xiàn)；反射；映出

This letter is sure to reflect our real opinion.這封信會反映出我們的真實(shí)意見。

Does this letter reflect your real opinions? 這封信反映出了你真正的觀點(diǎn)嗎?

Her face reflected how angry she was． 她的臉表示出她多么生氣。

vt．反射；回響

The water reflected the sunlight．日光反射在水面上。

The mirror reflected the heat．那面鏡子反射熱氣。

Mirrors reflect light.鏡子能反射光線。

vt．映出；照出

The lake reflected the trees．湖面映現(xiàn)著樹木的影像。

She was looking at her face reflected in the mirror．

她看著自己在鏡中映出的臉

14.My favourite article is the one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.我最喜歡的文章是我寫的一篇關(guān)于如何努力把被盜的文物帶回中國。

(1) 本句中的one是代詞，用來指代article。one常用來代替前文提到的一種可數(shù)的事物。

e.g. I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one? 指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用ones。

e.g. On the desk there is a red pencil and two black ones.

(2)effort n. [U,C]努力；艱難的嘗試；努力的結(jié)果

e.g. He did it without effort.他毫不費(fèi)力地完成那件事

[短語] make an effort努力，盡力 spare no effort不遺余力

15.I want to write about people you seldom read about, for example people who have AIDS or who are addicted to drugs.

我想報道那些你們很少能了解的人，如艾滋病患者或者是染上毒癮的人。

(1) seldom adv. 很少；不常；難得

[擴(kuò)展] 表示否定意義的狀語位于句首時，句子通常采用倒裝句。

e.g. Seldom does he quarrel with others.

Never did I dream of seeing him in America.

Never before have so many people come to see him.

Not a single word did she say.

(2)be / get / become addicted to sth. / doing sth.對…成癮/成癖

e.g. It doesn’t take long to become addicted to these drugs.

服用這些毒品不要多長時間就會上癮。

It’s a pity that her child has got addicted to smoking.真可憐，她的孩子抽煙上癮了。

Some children are addicted to computer games / TV.(喻)

一些孩子玩電腦游戲/看電視上了癮。

He is addicted to practicing Chinese Gongfu.他醉心于練習(xí)中國功夫。

16.We shouldn’t ignore what happens even if it is difficult for people to accept some stories.

即使人們對一些現(xiàn)象很難接受，我們也不應(yīng)該無視眼前發(fā)生的事情。

(1) ignore v.t. 不理睬；忽視

e.g. You shouldn’t ignore your father’s advice.你不該無視父親的忠告。

I tried to tell her but she ignored me.我打算告訴她，可是她不理睬我。