內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
clever , herself , learn , learned , rich , money , myself , poor , himself , southern , sad , dress , yourselves , themselves , itself , fall off , enjoy oneself , get dressed , a swimming lesson , find out , age , operation
Ⅱ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
1 . 掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 的用法。
2 . 掌握反身代詞的用法。
Ⅲ. 交際英語(yǔ)
Help yourselves to……
Would you like a drink ?
Yes , please .
There's something wrong with the child .
It's getting late .
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . age 年齡
What age are you ? 你幾歲 ? ( 你多大年齡 ? )
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗在英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)年齡時(shí)常說(shuō)：She's eight .
也可以說(shuō)：She is eight years of age .
還可以說(shuō)：She is eight years old .
但不可說(shuō)：She is eight age .
“年齡”表示法還有：
“at the age of + 基數(shù)詞”或“at +基數(shù)詞”�；鶖�(shù)詞后不再加 years old , 此短語(yǔ)常作 狀語(yǔ)。
At the age of eight ，he went to an island with his parents .
“of + 基數(shù)詞”。此結(jié)構(gòu)常作后置定語(yǔ)，數(shù)詞后不能接 years old。
At that time , he was just a boy , of sixteen . 當(dāng)時(shí)，他只是一個(gè)十六歲的男孩。
“基數(shù)詞-year-old”。此結(jié)構(gòu)常用前置定語(yǔ)。
When he was an eight-year-old boy , he began to make a living . 當(dāng)他是一個(gè)八歲的男孩時(shí)，就開(kāi)始謀生了。
“be in one's + teens / twenties / thirties……nineties”表示“在某人十幾歲/二十幾歲/三十幾歲……九十幾歲時(shí)”。
He was in is fifties .
“aged + 基數(shù)詞”。此結(jié)構(gòu)常用后置定語(yǔ)。
Mr Smith , a foreigner aged 30 , works in north China. 史密斯先生是一位30多歲的工程師，在華北工作。
掌握了年齡的常見(jiàn)表達(dá)法，就能一句多譯。請(qǐng)看：
A. 珍妮是一個(gè)十五歲的女孩。
Jenny is a fifteen-year-old girl . / Jenny is a girl of fifteen . / Jenny is a girl aged fifteen .
B. 他三歲時(shí)就能做詩(shī)。
When he was three (years old) , he could write poems . / When he was three years of age , he could write poems . / At (the age of ) three , he could write poems .
2 . clever 聰明的，伶俐的
What a clever boy he is ! 他是多么聰明的孩子啊 !
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗It is clever of sb to do某人干……真聰明
It is clever of her to get more paper to write .
3 . herself ( 反身代詞 ) 她自己 ( 本人 )
She told us the news herself . 她親自告訴了我們這個(gè)消息。
4 . learn 學(xué)，學(xué)會(huì)
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗其過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞有兩和 learnt 和 learned .
The children are learning quickly . 孩子們學(xué)得快。
5 . rich 有錢(qián)的，富裕的
He is a rich man . 他是個(gè)富翁。
He is poor in money but rich in knowledge . 他雖然沒(méi)有錢(qián)，但很有學(xué)問(wèn)。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗其反義詞為 poor 。the rich富人們， the poor窮人們。
The rich have a lot of money . (注意謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，不用has )
6 . money 錢(qián)，貨幣
Do you have any money on you ? 你身上帶有錢(qián)嗎 ?
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗該詞為不可數(shù)名詞。change零錢(qián)。
Here is your change . 這是找您的錢(qián)。
7 . myself 我自己，我親自，我單獨(dú)
I can do this work myself . 我自己能做這工作。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗by myself我獨(dú)立地做。I can do my homework (all) by myself .
be not oneself = not feel well = feel sick不舒服。I can’t go to work today ; I am not myself .
8 . poor 貧窮的，可憐的，不好的
There lived some poor peasants here ten years ago .
十年前這里住著一些貧窮的農(nóng)民。
Can you help the poor boy ? 你能幫助這個(gè)可憐的男孩嗎 ?
His English is very poor . 他的英語(yǔ)很差。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗the poor窮人們。The poor certainly need money , food and clothing .
9 . himself 他自己，親自，獨(dú)自
He did it himself . 他親自做的這件事。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗by himself他獨(dú)自地做。He always go to the cinema by himself .
10 . sad ( 使人 ) 悲傷的
The sad news made the people unhappy . 這個(gè)悲傷的消息使人難過(guò)。
I am sad to hear that you're leaving . 聽(tīng)說(shuō)你要走我很傷心。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗其反義詞為happy 。feel sad感到傷感。注意體會(huì)下面的話：
He looks sad at the news and looked sadly at the picture . 聽(tīng)到那消息后他十分難 過(guò)，痛苦地看著那副畫(huà)。
11 . dress 穿衣 給……穿衣
He dressed himself quickly . 他很快穿好了衣服。
Get up and dress quickly or you'll be late for the work .
快起來(lái)，穿好衣服，不然就來(lái)不及上班了。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗該詞不能直接跟衣服作賓語(yǔ)。
be dressed in穿著……衣服。Today they are dressed in red . = Today they are in red .
12 . operation 手術(shù)，操作
The doctor performed an operation on her . 醫(yī)生給她做了一次手術(shù)。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗“給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)”是 operate on sb 。 have an operation動(dòng)手術(shù)。
That operation is easy . 那個(gè)手術(shù)很容易。（在其它語(yǔ)言環(huán)境也可以理解為：那種操作很 容易。）
13 . yourselves ( 反身代詞 ) 你們自己 ( 本身 )
Take care not to hurt yourselves . 當(dāng)心不要傷了你們自己。
〖 點(diǎn)撥 〗enjoy yourself你玩的開(kāi)心。enjoy yourselves你們玩的開(kāi)心。Help yourselves to some more meat . 你們多吃些肉。
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . be always ready to 總是樂(lè)于
They are always ready to help others . 他們總是樂(lè)于助人。
〖 提示 〗be ready to 后接動(dòng)詞。意思是“準(zhǔn)備做某事”或“愿意做某事”。be ready for 后接名詞，意思是“準(zhǔn)備好某事”。
We are ready to start . 我們準(zhǔn)備好出發(fā)。
He is ready for school . 他已準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)。
2 . enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快 ( 快活 )
〖 提示 〗等于 have a good / nice time .
He enjoyed himself during the holidays . 假日里他過(guò)得很愉快。
3 . for a long time 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，久久地
I waited for him for a long time . 我等了他很久。
4 . teach oneself = learn by oneself 自學(xué)
They teach themselves English . 他們自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
5 . the southern part of 在……的南部
The Shute family lived in the southern part of the U . S . A . 舒特一家住在美國(guó)南 部地區(qū)。
〖 提示 〗類(lèi)似的在同一個(gè)大范圍的用法還有：
in the eastern part of 在……的東部，in the western part of 在……的西部，in the northern part of 在……的北部。
但是：如果不在一個(gè)大范圍，而是各自具有獨(dú)立性時(shí)用介詞to連接。注意體會(huì)：
China and Japan are in the east of Asia(亞洲) .
Japan is to the east of China . 日本在中國(guó)的東面。
6 . have a bad cold 得了重感冒
She has a bad cold . 她得了重感冒。
〖 提示 〗“得感冒”還可用 catch , take , get 等動(dòng)詞表示：
Take care not to catch ( get , take ) cold . 當(dāng)心，別感冒了。
7 . far away 遙遠(yuǎn)
The moon is far away from the earth . 月亮離地球很遙遠(yuǎn)。
She lives far away . 她住得很遠(yuǎn)。
〖 提示 〗該詞組可作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)也可作后置定語(yǔ)。be far away from離……遠(yuǎn)。
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元句型思路明晰
1 . 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) ( 人 ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) ( 物 )
I can buy myself lots of presents . 我可以給自己買(mǎi)許多的禮物。
buy myself lots of presents = buy lots of presents for myself .
這一句型中有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ) myself 和 lots of presents . 有些及物動(dòng)詞，如 give ( 給 ) ， show ( 給……看 ) ，pass ( 遞 ) ，send ( 遣送 ) ，bring ( 帶來(lái) ) 等，可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。一個(gè)指 人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)，一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面。 如：
He gave me some pictures of the Great Wall . 他給我一些長(zhǎng)城的照片。
He asked me a question . 他問(wèn)我一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
2 . His parents didn't know what was wrong . 他的父母不知道是什么毛病。
what 是此是作連接代詞，what was wrong 作動(dòng)詞 ( 謂語(yǔ) ) know 的賓語(yǔ)。以句子的形式作 主句動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，叫賓語(yǔ)從句。
1 ) 由 who , what , how , which , whose , where , when , why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
注意：這種賓語(yǔ)從句中的主謂次序不顛倒。如：
Do you know who lives in this room ? 你知道誰(shuí)住在這個(gè)房間嗎 ?
I don't know what he is doing now . 我不知道他在干什么。
2 ) 由連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中常省去 that。如：
The mother likes saying that she has a good daughter . 母親喜歡說(shuō)她有一個(gè)好女兒。
They say he is much better . 他們說(shuō)他好多了。 ( 從屬連詞 that 被省去 )
3 ) 由連詞 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
I want to know whether ( 或if ) you still work in the factory .
我想知道你是否還在這工廠工作。 ( whether 從句是動(dòng)詞不定式 to know 的賓語(yǔ) ) 另：如 果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think , believe ( 相信 ) ，suppose ( 料想 ) ，主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)代 詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句是否定意思時(shí)，一般否定主句的謂語(yǔ)。稱(chēng)為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
I don't think he will come . 隨便吃點(diǎn)糕點(diǎn)吧 !
We don’t believe she will come tonight , will she ?
3. “help oneself to……”是個(gè)固定句型，意為“隨便吃……”。其中 to 常作介詞。
Help yourself to the apples . 隨便吃點(diǎn)蘋(píng)果吧 !
Help yourself to some fish , please . 請(qǐng)隨便吃些魚(yú)。
Boys , help yourselves to more rice .
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)釋疑
1 . She is falling off her bike . 她從車(chē)上跌下來(lái)。
動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) fall off 意為“從……跌下來(lái)”。如：
The boy fell off the wall . 那個(gè)男孩從墻上跌下來(lái)。
2 . I hope she didn't hurt herself . 我希望她沒(méi)有傷著自己。
1 ) She didn't hurt himself 作動(dòng)詞 hope 的賓語(yǔ)，它是賓語(yǔ)從句。
2 ) hurt oneself 意為“傷著某人自己”。如：
Her son fell off the tree , but didn't hurt himself . 她兒子從樹(shù)上跌下來(lái)，但未受 傷。
3 . Mr and Mrs Shute had a daughter called Jane . 舒特夫婦有個(gè)女兒叫簡(jiǎn)。
Called Jane 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾 daughter , 放在修飾詞之后。等于 named Jane .
The boy called Jackson is from Japan . 那個(gè)叫杰克遜的男孩來(lái)自日本。
4 . He could not wash himself or get dressed .他自己不會(huì)洗，也不會(huì)穿。
get dressed 意為“穿衣服”。動(dòng)作而 be dressed 表狀態(tài)。
I could get dressed myself when J was a child . 我的孩子時(shí)，能自己穿衣服。
5 . I'll get you tea now . 我給你泡杯茶來(lái)。
get sb tea“給某人泡菜”，還可以說(shuō) make tea for sb 。
get you some tea = get some tea for you .
Help yourselves to the cakes .
Help oneself to……意為“隨便吃……”。如：
Help yourself to some chicken . 隨便吃點(diǎn)雞吧。
6 . I'm afraid so . 大概是這樣。
so 指上文中所說(shuō)的 have to go now . 為避免重復(fù)，常用 so 指代前面所提到的人和事。 如：
- Shall I do like that ? 我應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣做嗎 ?
- I'm afraid so . 恐怕是。
當(dāng)不認(rèn)為對(duì)方的看法有道理時(shí)可以用：I am afraid not .
7 . We have to be up early in the morning . 早上我們得起早床。
be up 在這里相當(dāng)于 get up = rise .
She has to be up earlier every morning , because she has more work to do .
【 妙文賞析 】
Mrs Green was eighty , but she had a small car , and she always drove to the shops in it on Saturday and bought her food .
She did not drive fast , because she was old , but she drove well and never hit anything . Sometimes her grandson said to her , “Please don't drive your car , Grandmother . We can take you to the shops . ”
But she always said , “No , I like driving . I've driven for fifty years , and I'm not going to stop now . ”
Last Saturday , she stopped her car at some traffic lights because they were red , and then it did not start again . The lights were green , then yellow , then red , then green again , but her car did not start .
But then a policeman came and said to her kindly , “Good morning . Don't you like nay of our colours today ? ”
賞析：從這篇文章，我們可以看出這位交警是很有禮貌的，也是他幽默的，講話也很婉轉(zhuǎn)。 這位老太太是不是挺喜歡看交通燈呢 ? 當(dāng)然不是而是她的車(chē)子有毛病起動(dòng)不了。
【 思維體操 】
A. 閱讀 Lesson 103 , 完成短文，每空一詞
Mr Shute , a ______ , lived in the _______ part of the USA . He didn't ______ much money . He and his wife had a daughter and a ______ , James . There was something ___with the child , so they ______ him to a doctor . The doctor ______ over James carefully . Then he said there was ______ wrong with his eyes . He could do ______ to help . One day they took James to ______ doctor . The doctor did an _______ on him . After ten minutes James could ______ .
答案：farmer , southern , have , son , wrong , took , looked , something , nothing , another , operation , see .
B. Two friends ( 1 ) a bear ( 熊 ) when they went through a forest ( 森林 ) ( 2 ) . One of them ran to ( 3 ) tree and climbed up very quickly . He forgot his friend . He thought only of ( 4 ) . His friend ( 5 ) bears ( 6 ) dead ( 死的 ) men . ( 7 ) he ( 8 ) When the bear came to him . Then the bear went away . The man called his friend in the tree . “You can ( 9 ) now . ”The man smiled ( 微笑 ) and asked , “What did the bear say to you ? ”His friend answered“He said I need a new ( 10 ) . ”
1 . A . looked for B . met C . looked at D . watched
2 . A . by bus B . by bike C . on foot D . by car
3 . A . the nearest B . the good C . a taller D . a biggest
4 . A . himself B . his mother C . the bear D . his girl friend
5 . A . knew B . thought C . saw D . watched
6 . A . wasn't like B . needn't find C . didn't eat D . couldn't touch
7 . A . And B . So C . But D . Because
8 . A . moved B . ran C . opened his eyes D . didn't move
9 . A . climb up B . get up C . stay there D . come down
10 . A . teacher B . dress C . house D . friend
答案與解析：兩個(gè)朋友在森林中不是“尋找、看、注視”，而是遇見(jiàn)熊1答案 B。在森林中只 能徒步而行，因此2答案C。在危急關(guān)頭別無(wú)選擇，所以3答案是A。那個(gè)人自己爬到樹(shù)上，忘記他 的朋友，因此只能想到自己的安危，4答案A。熊是來(lái)尋覓食物，因此5答案A，6答案是C。有了上面的想法，因而他 ( 另一個(gè)人 ) 就不動(dòng)裝死，so 是表示承上啟下關(guān)系“因而、于是”7選B。8選D。樹(shù)下的人意思讓樹(shù)上的下來(lái)，沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)了，9答案D。人在危急關(guān)頭需要一個(gè)真正的好朋友，所以10答案是D。
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
※ 單項(xiàng)選擇
1 . The doctor is operating ______ that child .
A . on B . in C . for D . at
2 . She could write when she ______ four years old .
A . is B . was C . were D . will be
3 . The children enjoyed themselves yesterday , ______ ?
A . did the children B . did they C . didn't they D . didn't the children
4 . Mr Thin has ______ money , but he has ______ friends .
A . little , much B . little , many
C . many , few D . few , much
5 . There ______ someone on the island .
A . may be B . maybe C . may is D . perhaps .
答案：1 . A 2 . B 3 . C 4 . B 5 . A
〖 思維 〗題1 主要考查詞組“給……動(dòng)手術(shù)”應(yīng)是 operate on。 題2 主要考查主從復(fù)合 句主謂一致原則。 題3 主要考查，反意疑問(wèn)句，主句為肯定，則反意部用否定，且反意部分主語(yǔ) 用人稱(chēng)代詞。 題4 主要考查 money 為不可數(shù)名詞，friends 為可數(shù)名詞。 題5 主要考查 There be……句型，本句缺少的是謂語(yǔ)。
※ 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
Tom : My head hurts , Doctor .
Doctor : ( 1 ) you mouth and ( 2 ) “Ahh . ”Hm……
Tom : What's wrong with me ?
Doctor : You've ( 3 ) ( 4 ) cold . ( 5 ) this medicine ( 藥 ) and stay in bed for two days and you'll soon be ( 6 ) .
Tom : Thank you . ( 7 ) the way , how much is the medicine ?
Doctor : How much money ? Look , don't you know me ?
Tom : Ha , ha ! It's you , my uncle . I didn't know you were here . How are you , uncle ?
Doctor : Fine , thank you . And you have to ( 8 ) ( 9 ) yourself .
Tom : Yes , I will . ( 10 ) a lot .
答案：1 . Open 2 . say 3 . a 4 . bad 5 . Take 6 . better 7 . By 8 . look 9 . after 10 . Thanks
分析：本題為一個(gè)病人和一個(gè)醫(yī)生之間的對(duì)話，我們只要聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際和上下文，就不難寫(xiě) 出正確答案。
【 動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦 】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
※ 要點(diǎn)分析
1 . The mother is dressing her ______ .
A . skirt B . baby C . coat D . baby's coat
答案 B . dress 一詞做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“給……穿衣服”，本身已含有“衣服”的意思， 不可再加衣物的名稱(chēng)，而要加表示人的名詞或代詞。
2 . She couldn't read until she was fifteen . ______ .
A . How clever ! B . What a bright girl !
C . Not so clever D . What a kind girl !
答案 C . 上句中運(yùn)用了 not…until… 句式，意為“直到……才”。全句意思為“她直到十 五歲才會(huì)說(shuō)話”。根據(jù)這一句意，選擇中的評(píng)語(yǔ)只有 Not so clever ( 不太聰明 ) 比較符實(shí)際， 故選C .
3 . The story ______ was very good , but you didn't tell it well .
A . it B . its C . itself D . not
答案 C . 此處反身代詞 itself 做主語(yǔ) the story 的同位語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，即“故事本 身”，其他代詞沒(méi)有一詞法功能。而 not 更不可用在 was 之前。
4 . Tomorrow is my birthday . I'll buy ______ a present .
A . me B . he C . myself D . him
答案 C . buy oneself 意為“給某人自己買(mǎi)……”，此時(shí)不用主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格，即A選 項(xiàng)中的 me；在動(dòng)詞后不用人稱(chēng)代詞的主格形式做賓語(yǔ)，因此B不可選D項(xiàng)中的 him 語(yǔ)法上雖無(wú)錯(cuò) 誤，卻與上下文的語(yǔ)意不符，因此只能選C。
5 . Here ______ some presents for you .
A . is B . are C . have D . has
答案 B . here be 意為“此處有”。這種句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，真正的主語(yǔ)是 be 動(dòng)詞之后的部分， some presents 為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，因此 be 動(dòng)詞用 are。
※ 選反義詞
1 . rich 2 . easy 3 . sad 4 . far
5 . large 6 . pull 7 . thin 8 . slow
A . difficult B . small C . push D . quick
E . poor F . near G . fat H . happy
答案：1－ 4 EAHF 5 － 8 BCGD
※ 完成單詞，第一個(gè)字母已給出
1 . China is a country with l_______ land and the most people .
2 . We had a p_______ at the foot of the East Hill .
3 . I didn't feel a_______ when I was walking in street .
4 . He says m_______ doesn't mean everything .
5 . Can you see anything u_______ on this island ?
答案：1 . large 2 . picnic 3 . alone 4 . money 5 . Unusual
【 創(chuàng)新園地 】
選正確答語(yǔ)
1 . When could you swim ?
2 . What a clever girl ?
3 . I hope she didn't hurt herself .
4 . Did she learn all by herself ?
5 . The man didn't enjoy himself very much . Why ?
6 . What was wrong with the child ?
7 . Would you like a drink ?
8 . Thank you for having us . We had a good time .
A . No , she didn't . She was all right .
B . Because he didn't have many friends .
C . It was a pleasure . Bye !
D . Yes . She can learn it quickly .
E . Yes , please .
F . No . Mr Wang taught her .
G . He could not see anything .
H . When I was ten .
( 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們把填好的答案反饋給我們 )
答案：1 － 4 HDAF 5－ 8 BGEC