語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題八-----非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞（不能作謂語用）包括不定式、分詞及動(dòng)名詞。
一、 動(dòng)詞不定式
1．常用形式：一般主動(dòng)式to do, 一般被動(dòng)式to be done
完成主動(dòng)式to have done, 完成被動(dòng)式to have been done
進(jìn)行式to be doing
2．語法功能：可作主語、表語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、定語和狀語（即除謂語之外的各種成
分）。例如：
1）主語：To master a foreign language is very important.
2）表語：My job is to drive them to the company every day.
3）賓語：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?
Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
4） 賓補(bǔ)：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didnt notice them come in.
注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to, 但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)以后（即不定式作主補(bǔ)時(shí)）要帶to, 其中l(wèi)et sb. do sth. 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)式為sb. is let do sth.
help（幫助）后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to，也可不帶to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
5） 定語：不定式位于所修飾的名詞，代詞之后，如：Who was the first one to set
to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
6）狀語： in order to
A．目的狀語：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
to
注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
B．原因狀語： Im glad to see you . 注：這種“be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其不定式有時(shí)也可視為賓語，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C．結(jié)果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們一直活到見到家鄉(xiāng)解放。
△在“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“太…結(jié)果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非�！�、“很”意，此時(shí)不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他們很幸運(yùn)去國外訪問。
另外，too后如果是happy, glad之類形容詞時(shí)，不定式也表肯定意，
如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容詞/副詞＋enough＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .
3．復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。for 本身無意義，sb.可稱之為不定式的邏輯主語。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式作賓語）
注：當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，不用for, 而用of,
如：It is kind of you to help me .（相當(dāng)于You are kind to help me .）這類形容詞有g(shù)ood,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不禮貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如：Its right/wrongg for him to do the work alone.
4．疑問詞＋不定式：可作主語、表語或賓語。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主語）We dont know when and where to go .（賓語）
5．動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式（not to do sth.），語法功能同不定式肯定式。
6．不定式的時(shí)態(tài)形式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系：
1）一般式：表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)作之后，或
沒有時(shí)間限制。例如：
They often watch us play table tennis.（與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)）
She hopes to go there again.（在謂語動(dòng)作之后）
It is necessary and important to read English every day.（無時(shí)間限制）
The factory to make radios is over there.（無時(shí)間限制）
2）完成式：表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.
3）進(jìn)行式：表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作且與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：
She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.
7．不定式的被動(dòng)式：名詞、代詞為不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，一般用不定式被動(dòng)式，
例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.
注：關(guān)于不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義用法參見《動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)》一講。
一、 分詞
1．分詞形式：有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。過去分詞只有一種形式，現(xiàn)在分詞則有：
一般主動(dòng)式doing, 一般被動(dòng)式being done, 完成主動(dòng)式having done,完成被動(dòng)式having been done
2．語法功能：在句中作定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語。
3．現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別：
1）語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。例如：the moving film 動(dòng)人的電影，the moved girl 受感動(dòng)的姑娘，a running machine 一臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的機(jī)器， a stolen car 一輛被盜的汽車
注：關(guān)于心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的－ing形式表主動(dòng)意，－ed形式表被動(dòng)意，詳見該講后的專題。
2）時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞往往表已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
例如：a developing country 發(fā)展中的國家，a developed country發(fā)達(dá)的國家
4．現(xiàn)在分詞的基本用法：
1） 一般主動(dòng)式用法：
A．作定語：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)
The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)
B．作表語：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.
C．作賓補(bǔ)：學(xué)用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等動(dòng)詞之后。
例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Dont keep the students doing homework all day.
注：上述動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的過程，而不是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)則表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。例如：I heard them singing in the room
when I passed it.(singing不可改為sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改為singing)
have sb. do sth. 與have sb. doing sth. 的區(qū)別：前者h(yuǎn)ave＝let, 后者h(yuǎn)ave 有時(shí)表“keep”意，有時(shí)表“employ（雇用）”意。如：
Ill have him go with me.我將讓他和我一塊去。
Ill have him working in my compary.我將雇用他在我的公司里工作。
Dont have the machine working all day .不要讓機(jī)器整天工作。
D．作狀語：
①時(shí)間狀語：Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.
②原因狀語：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴隨狀語：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
2）完成主動(dòng)式用法：
這種分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語用，不能作定語用。例如：
Having finished her homework,she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.
3）一般被動(dòng)式用法：
表示正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，在句中作定語或狀語。
例如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car cant be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired,the car cant be used.)
4）完成被動(dòng)式用法：
表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，在句中多作狀語，不能作定語。
例如：Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.
5．過去分詞的基本用法：
1）作定語：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
2）作表語：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.
3）作賓補(bǔ)：You must have your hair cut.
4）作狀語：Given more time ,we can do the work much better.
6．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：
當(dāng)分詞有它自己的獨(dú)立主語（不同于句子主語的名詞或代詞）時(shí)，則是一種獨(dú)立
主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，在句中作狀語、定語等。例如：
The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.(＝When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.) /There being no bus, we had to walk home .(＝There was no bus ,so we had to walk home.)
7．使用現(xiàn)在分詞的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)：
(1)作狀語用的現(xiàn)在分詞，其邏輯主語必須同句中主語為同一人或同一事，例如：
Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）
(Standing＝When we stood)
Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（誤）
Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found
＝After/When they had found）
Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（誤）
(2)短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞）的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作賓補(bǔ)或定語。例如：
He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knocked down不可改為being knocked down或having been knicked down)
Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改為being bought或having been bought)
<2>現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過去分詞用法的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過去分詞都有被動(dòng)意，但其用法是有區(qū)別的：
(1) 作賓語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過去分詞則表示一個(gè)已發(fā)生過的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或沒有時(shí)間性的狀態(tài)。例如：
Do you see the hospital there?
你看見了那邊那個(gè) 醫(yī)院嗎？
The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在蘇伊士運(yùn)河處與亞洲相連的洲是非洲。（句中connected無時(shí)間性）
(2) 作原因狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過去分詞可以互換。例如：
Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.
(3) 作方式或伴隨狀語，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式，而用過去分詞。例如：
The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.
(4) 作時(shí)間狀語，若動(dòng)作先于句子的謂語動(dòng)作，且有具體過去時(shí)間，不可用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式或完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果沒有具體過去時(shí)間狀語，可用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如：
Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at
last.
如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞狀語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在謂語動(dòng)作之前，則宜用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式，而不用過去分詞。例如：
Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.
(5)在have,get之后宜用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式或不定式被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如：Ill have my hair cut.(cut不能改為being cut或be cut)He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改為being repaired或to be repaired)
(6)在make, order, want, like, wish等動(dòng)詞后，多用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，少用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如
The speaker couldnt make himself heard.(一般不說being heard)
He wanted his house painted.(一般不說being painted)
8.心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與-ed形式
所謂心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是指含有使動(dòng)意，使人產(chǎn)生某種情感、心理變化的動(dòng)詞。如：surprise使驚訝；interest使感興趣。它們的-ing形式含主動(dòng)意義，-ed形式含被動(dòng)意義。皆可視為形容詞。例如：surprising令人驚訝的，interesting令人感興趣的；surprised（因…）感到驚訝的，interested（因…）感到興趣的。下面的句子可顯示兩者的區(qū)別：
The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.
She was much surprised at the surprising news.
已學(xué)的心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：astonish,bore(使厭煩),delight,disappoint,
discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move(使感動(dòng))，please（使高興）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satisfy（使?jié)M意）,surprise,shock,tire（使疲勞）,trouble,upset（使不安）,worry
它們的-ing形式多和物連用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report(一個(gè)令人厭煩的報(bào)告),a tiring walk（累人的步行）。
它們的-ed形式多和人連用，如：an excited girl,/Im tired.
但是也有-ing形式和人連用，-ed形式和物連用的現(xiàn)象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的領(lǐng)袖，an amusing girl一個(gè)討人喜歡的女孩，a puzzled expression一種迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了驚嚇的聲音說著話。
三、動(dòng)名詞
1． 形式同現(xiàn)在分詞，有四種。
2． 動(dòng)名詞的基本用法：
1）作主語：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /it isnt necessary explaining to him. /Its no use waiting here.
2） 作表語：My hobby（愛好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.
3） 作賓語：When he came in,we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isnt worth teaching.
注 有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式作賓語。有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式。動(dòng)名詞作賓語含義不同。詳見第6點(diǎn)。
4） 作定語：This is her fathers walking stick.
3． 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形式：his/him working there,Wang Dongs/Wang Dong working
there
語法功能：
1） 作主語：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句首作主語時(shí)，只能用sbs的形式，此句中的Your不可改為You。）
2） 作賓語：I dont like his/him staying with us.
3） 作表語：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改為him）
4． 動(dòng)名詞的完成式：
動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作為一種時(shí)間要領(lǐng)不強(qiáng)的或泛指的動(dòng)作，或是與句中謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生�；蛟谥^語之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，則要用完成式。例如：
We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.
在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等動(dòng)詞之后，某些介詞后，或某些習(xí)慣用語中，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：
I remember him some money before.
He forgot me that. /After finishing his homework,he
went out for a walk.
5． 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式
如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為動(dòng)名詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞就要用被動(dòng)式。
例如：The problem is far from being settled.
動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式往往用一般被動(dòng)式來代替，以免句子顯得累贅。例如：
I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.
6． 動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語、賓語的用法比較
<1> 作主語：
(1)多數(shù)情況兩者可以互換。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.
Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is
difficult.
(2)如果表示一種具體、短期的行為，或表示將來的行為，宜用不定式。例如：
It took him two hours to finish the work.
To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一種經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為，一般用動(dòng)名詞。例如：
Getting up early is a good habit.
<2>作賓語：
(1) 有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語皆可，意義也差不多，主要有：begin, start,
continue, love, prefer等。
(2) 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse,
decide.
(3) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，已學(xué)過的這類詞有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, cant help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延遲）＝delay, suggest.feel like, look forward to,devote…to(doing),be worth.
(4)有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞意義有明顯差別，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
A.forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have
done sth.
B.remember to do sth. 記住要做某事 remember doing sth.記住做過某事
C.regret to do sth. 遺憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事
D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事（不定式作目的狀語）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
E.mean to do sth. 決意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事
F.try to do sth. 努力／設(shè)法去做某事
try doing sth. 試圖／嘗試用某一方法做某事
G.want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事
want/need/require dong. 需要／想要被…
H.go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做不同的事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做相同的事
7．使用現(xiàn)在分詞的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)：
(1)作狀語用的現(xiàn)在分詞，其邏輯主語必須同句中主語為同一人或同一事，例如：
Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）
(Standing＝When we stood)
Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（誤）
Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found
＝After/When they had found）
Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（誤）
(2)短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞）的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作賓補(bǔ)或定語。例如：
He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knicked down不可改為being knocked down或having being knicked down)
Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改為being bought或having been bought)
<2>現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過去分詞用法的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過去分詞都有被動(dòng)意，但其用法是有區(qū)別的：
(5) 作賓語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過去分詞則表示一個(gè)已發(fā)生過的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或沒有時(shí)間性的狀態(tài)。例如：
Do you see the hospital there?
你看見了那邊那個(gè) 醫(yī)院嗎？
The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在蘇伊士運(yùn)河處與亞洲相連的洲是非洲。（句中connected無時(shí)間性）
(6) 作原因狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式與過去分詞可以互換。例如：
Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.
(7) 作方式或伴隨狀語，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式，而用過去動(dòng)詞。例如：
The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.
(8) 作時(shí)間狀語，若動(dòng)作先于句子的謂語動(dòng)作，且有具體過去時(shí)間，不可用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式或完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果沒有具體過去時(shí)間狀語，可用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如：
Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at
last.
如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞狀語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在謂語動(dòng)作之前，則宜用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式，而不用過去分詞。例如：
Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.
(5)在have,get之后宜用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，不用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式或不定式被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如：Ill have my hair cut.(cut不能改為being cut或be cut)He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改為being repaired或to be repaired)
(6)在make, order, want, like, wish等動(dòng)詞后，多用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，少用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)。例如
The speaker couldnt make himself heard.(一般不說being heard)
He wanted his house painted.(一般不說being painted)
8.心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與-ed形式
所謂心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是指含有使動(dòng)意，使人產(chǎn)生某種情感、心理變化的動(dòng)詞。如：surprise使驚訝；interest使感興趣。它們的-ing形式含主動(dòng)意義，-ed形式含被動(dòng)意義。皆可視為形容詞。例如：surprising令人驚訝的，interesting令人感興趣的；surprised（因…）感到驚訝的，interested（因…）感到興趣的。下面的句子可顯示兩者的區(qū)別：
The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.
She was much surprised at the surprising news.
已學(xué)的心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：astonish,bore(使厭煩),delight,disappoint,
discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move(使感動(dòng))，please（使高興）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satisfy（使?jié)M意）,surprise,shock,tire（使疲勞）,trouble,upset（使不安）,worry
它們的-ing形式多和物連用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting.a boring report(一個(gè)令人厭煩的報(bào)告),a tiring walk（累人的步行）。
它們的-ed形式多和人連用，如：an excited girl,Im tired.
但是也有-ing形式和人連用，-ed形式和物連用的現(xiàn)象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的領(lǐng)袖，an amusing girl一個(gè)討人喜歡的女孩，a puzzled expression一種迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了驚嚇的聲音說著話。
非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析
1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,didt include women players until
1919.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played
C.first played D.to be first playing
析：根據(jù)題干，必須選表示被動(dòng)的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、D；因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意， 不
合題干之用，只有C選項(xiàng)（相當(dāng)于which was first played）才合用。
2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport
in the world.(NMET)
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
析：B、C是謂語動(dòng)詞，在此不可用。D項(xiàng)to make或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語，表結(jié)果。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語例：
The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車被大風(fēng)雪所阻，因而耽誤了。
3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.(NMET)
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
析：根據(jù)this evening,應(yīng)選表示將來義的選項(xiàng)，C、D應(yīng)排除。Take后無賓語，必然要用被動(dòng)式，故答案為A。
4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET)
A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing
析：根據(jù)be made to do sth.句式，可定答案為A。
5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.(NMET)
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
析：根據(jù)warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律，又可排除A，而定C。
6．--I usually go there by train.
--Why not ______ by boat for a change?(NMET)
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
析：此題可根據(jù)why not后直接跟原形動(dòng)詞規(guī)律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項(xiàng)改為try to go，則要根據(jù)其與try going意義之別來確定答案。依據(jù)題干對(duì)話內(nèi)容，乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣，所以答案仍為D。
7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.(NMET)
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not
C.Not having received D.Having not received
析：非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位，B、D皆為錯(cuò)誤形式。A項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)先于decided
的動(dòng)作，只有選C項(xiàng)才表沒收到信在先，決定再寫信在后，所以C為正確答案。
8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.(NMET)
A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented析：consider表“考慮”意時(shí)，其后動(dòng)詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認(rèn)為”，
這時(shí)consider后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。
據(jù)此可排除B、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意，不合題用，只有C表“發(fā)明了”意，才合題用，故選C。
9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析：“被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)”，應(yīng)選表被動(dòng)意的選項(xiàng)，B不可用。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。
又因短暫動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作定語，C也應(yīng)排除，只有A.invited(＝who were
invited)才是正確答案。
10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.(NMET)
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied
析：B表主動(dòng)意，應(yīng)排除。C表“將要被捆綁”，A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意，只有D項(xiàng)填入空白才能表達(dá)“雙手被反綁著”這一意思，符合題干情景。再看一類似例句：
He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了進(jìn)來。
非謂語動(dòng)詞專練
1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving
2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out
in the 16th century.
A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written
3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.
A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing
4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing
5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.
A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen
6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.
A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going
7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.
A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken
8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.
A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that
C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out
9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan
Park.
A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead
C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led
10.______ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being
and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more
beautiful.
A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen
11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)
A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail
12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against
your face.(MET)
A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move
13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or
30 years time.
A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing
14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help ______ into buying something they
dont really need.
A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded
15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.(MET)
A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed
16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .
A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted
C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted
17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the
meeting ______ then.
A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding
C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held
18.--Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
--Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.
A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung
19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.
A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed
C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing
20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.
A.done;to do B.being done;doing
C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing
21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.
A.regretting B.regret C.to regret D.regretted
22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five
children.
A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving
23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .
A.to work B.to work out
C.to be worked out D.to work it out
24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.(NMET)
A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling
25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .
A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired
26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.
A.seating B.seat
C.seated D.seated themselves
27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking
28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.
A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving
29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.
A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing
30.There is a river ______ around our school.
A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running
31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?
A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken
32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home,
but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.
A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing
33.Whth the kind－h(huán)earted boy ______ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare
time ______ with your work.
A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you
C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you
34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .
A.tears came to his eyes B.he could hardly hold back his tears
C.tears could hardly be held back D.his eyes were filled with tears.
35.--I hope the children wont touch the dog.
--Ive warned them ______ .
A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do
36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to
finish a report.(NMET)
A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone
37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and
said nothing.
A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked
38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .
A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak
39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.
A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing
40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.(NMET)
A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding
41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .
A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to
42.Whats troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.
A.that they have to B.they have not
C.their not having D.not their having
43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with
Bill.
A.Not knowing B.Knowing not
C.Not having known D.Having not know
44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .
A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built
45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.(MET)
A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing
46.The day we looked forward to ______ .
A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come
47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?
A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do
48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?
A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked
49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .
A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted
C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted
50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.
A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing
非謂語動(dòng)詞專練答案
1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A
21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C
41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D
責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳