高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題總結(jié)歸納--非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enterB. to enter
C. enteringD. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?/p>
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學(xué)習(xí)以便趕上他的同學(xué)。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hopeB. hope
C. hopingD. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practiseB. to practise
C. practisingD. practised
此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.
A. improveB. to improve
C. improvingD. to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”；二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doingB. to do
C. being doingD. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) can’t help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaningB. to clean
C. cleanedD. being cleaned
再請(qǐng)看以下試題：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuadeB. persuading
C. being persuadedD. be persuaded
此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”（注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式）。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。
(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
請(qǐng)做以下類似題（答案均選A）：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
比較以下各題，答案選B，因?yàn)榫渲惺褂昧瞬⒘羞B詞and：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
【陷阱】容易誤選C，受題干中的逗號(hào)的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法。
【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選B，句中的逗號(hào)相當(dāng)于連詞 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是對(duì)逗號(hào)前的不定式 to make life easier 的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。此句的意思是“新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個(gè)不定式同時(shí)用以說(shuō)明句子主語(yǔ) purpose 的內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題（答案選B）：
The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide
C. providing D. provided
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. to be tied B. being tied
C. tied D. having tied
【陷阱】容易誤選B。
【分析】最佳答案為C。從意義上看，hands 與 tie 的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D。在A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A比較容易排除，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦?lái)意義，在此與語(yǔ)境不符�，F(xiàn)將B和C作一比較：B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表進(jìn)行，也就是說(shuō) his hands being tied 的實(shí)際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，這顯然與語(yǔ)境不符。而C為過(guò)去分詞，它也表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表示動(dòng)詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C。請(qǐng)看下面一題：
Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.
A. finds B. found
C. being found D. will find
答案選B而不選C，其中的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。
比較下面兩題，最佳答案是D不是A，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行：
(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.
A. argued B. to be argued
C. to be arguing D. being argued
(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.
A. turned B. having turned
C. to be turned D. being turned
6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.
A. of taking B. taking
C. to take D. take
【陷阱】容易誤選A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為C。比較以下三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：
remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事
remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做過(guò)某事（暗示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）
remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）
請(qǐng)看兩個(gè)例句：
I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做過(guò)的諾言。
My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影。
Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我給她打電話?
7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight
C. flight D. flying
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說(shuō)明不能選B或C，因?yàn)锽、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因?yàn)槠渲杏袆?dòng)詞 fly。但若選A，you fly 是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語(yǔ) will be 相沖突，所以只能選D，即動(dòng)名詞flying在此用作主語(yǔ)。
8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.
A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing
C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do
【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)空白處均應(yīng)填不定式。
【分析】正確答案為B，因?yàn)?get used to與pay attention to 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能動(dòng)詞原形。類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形：
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事
object to doing sth反對(duì)做某事
stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事
get down to doing sth 開始做某事
take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事
admit to doing 承認(rèn)做了某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的時(shí)間用于(奉獻(xiàn)于)做某事
be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事
What do you say to doing sth 你認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣
9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy B. buying
C. on buying D. in buying
【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為insist后不能接不定式，但可以接動(dòng)名詞。
【分析】答案應(yīng)選C。其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)閕nsist 通常用作不及物動(dòng)詞；若語(yǔ)義上需接賓語(yǔ)，要借助介詞 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有時(shí)的確也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)其賓語(yǔ)通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：
He insisted on seeing her home. 他堅(jiān)持送她回家。
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我堅(jiān)持要他留下。
10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing B. to be typed
C. typed D. to type
【陷阱】容易誤選D，根據(jù) have sth to do 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)推出。
【分析】最佳答案是B。確實(shí)，在“have+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語(yǔ)的不定式通常用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語(yǔ)與其后的不定式具有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語(yǔ) I 來(lái)完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動(dòng)作不是由句子主語(yǔ) you來(lái)完成的，而是由說(shuō)話者“我”來(lái)完成的。比較：
Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？
I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下個(gè)星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去。
11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.
A. put B. to put
C. putting D. having put
【陷阱】容易誤選B或C，誤認(rèn)為這考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。
【分析】正確答案選A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 為四并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致。類似地如(答案選A)：
I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.
A. paid B. paying
C. to pay D. having paid
但是，下面一題稍有不同：
Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened
此題答案選B，leaving 在此表結(jié)果，lying open 與其前的動(dòng)詞leave有關(guān)，leave 后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態(tài)中。
12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.
A. be, to do B. was, doing
C. be, doing D. was, to do
【陷阱】容易誤選B。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案是A。分析如下：
(1) 第一空填 be，是因?yàn)閕nsisted 后接that從句，從句謂語(yǔ)要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中的should也可省略。
(2) 第二空要填to do，是因?yàn)榇司渲^語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，假若將此句轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則是 …should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)這一結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，還有 make the most of (盡量利用)，make the best of (盡量利用)等短語(yǔ)也可能用于此類試題。請(qǐng)看以下類似例子：
(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.
A. to build B. building
C. build D. built
此題答案選 A，不是 B。為便于理解，可先考慮以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station
由此可見(jiàn)，make use of 的賓語(yǔ)是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 為目的狀語(yǔ)。
(2) Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?
A. making B. to make
C. how to make D. having made
此題答案選B，不是A。句子主語(yǔ)是 the way，you thought of 是修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)，句子主語(yǔ)帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)。
13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A。此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)分析如下：
(1) that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語(yǔ)從句。
(2) 由于 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞 carried out。
請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：
(1) Who do you think you’d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl?
A. to have go B. to have to go
C. to have gone D. having to go
在確定答案之前，我們先來(lái)看看下面這個(gè)句子：
I think I’d like to have a boy go with me.
句中的 go 要用原形，這是因?yàn)槠淝坝斜硎臼挂鄣膭?dòng)詞have。在此句中，假若對(duì)名詞a boy 提問(wèn)，便可得出：
Who do you think you’d like to have go with you?
對(duì)照上面一題，答案很顯然是A。
(2) Who did the boss _____ his car this time?
A. make wash B. make to wash
C. make washing D. making to wash
在做此題之前，也請(qǐng)先看看下面這個(gè)句子：
The boss made Jack wash his car this time.
假若對(duì)句中的名詞Jack 提問(wèn)，便可得出：
Who did the boss make wash his car this time?
由此可知上面題答案為A。
(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself.
A. found B. finding
C. to find D. for finding
此題答案選B�？疾榈幕窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。
14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.
A. to has come B. to have come
C. to having come D. has come
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】其實(shí)正確答案是A。大家知道，短語(yǔ) look forward to意為“盼望”，其中的 to 是介詞，而不是不定式符號(hào)，所以后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞，許多同學(xué)據(jù)此便選擇了C。但問(wèn)題是，句中介詞 to 的賓語(yǔ)不是have come，而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是：the holiday為句子主語(yǔ)，we have been looking forward to 是修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句(介詞 to 的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 that，被省略)，has come 是句子謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：
(1) The man you referred to _____ just now.
A. comes B. come
C. coming D. came
答案選D，句子主語(yǔ)為 the man，you referred to 為修飾 the man 的定語(yǔ)從句，空白處填 came，為句子謂語(yǔ)。
(2) The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies.
A. proves B. prove
C. proving D. be proved
答案選A，he sticks to 是修飾主語(yǔ) the theory 的定語(yǔ)從句，句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.
(3) The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.
A. was B. be
C. being D. been
答案選A，he devoted his time to 是修飾主語(yǔ) the work 的定語(yǔ)從句。句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 The work was worth praising.
(4) I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her.
A. to help B. help
C. helping D. helped
答案是 A。句中空格處填的動(dòng)詞help 并不是 finish 的賓語(yǔ)，正確的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修飾名詞 the very work 的定語(yǔ)從句，finish 的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的狀語(yǔ)。
(5) Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing?
A. spending B. being spent
C. spend D. to spend
答案選 D。enjoy 的賓語(yǔ)是句首的疑問(wèn)詞 which，不是其后的動(dòng)詞 spending。此題中的 to spend… 用作目的狀語(yǔ)。
(5) What the boy enjoys _____ to have a room of his own.
A. being B. to be
C. is D. are
答案選C，而不選A。what the boy enjoys 是主語(yǔ)從句，空格處填的 is 為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
(6) Nothing that he suggested _____ to be of any use.
A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove
答案選B，而不選C。句子主語(yǔ)是 nothing，that he suggested 是修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句，suggested 的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 that，而不是其后的動(dòng)詞；句子謂語(yǔ)是 proved。全句意為“他建議的情況沒(méi)有一條是有用的。”
(7) The old house we paid a visit _____ at the top of the hill.
A. standing B. to stand
C. to standing D. to stands
答案選D。we paid a visit to 是修飾the old house 的定語(yǔ)從句，句中的stands 為主句謂語(yǔ)。
(8) The life he is now used _____ quite different from ours.
A. is B. to be
C. to being D. to is
答案選D。句中he is now used to 是修飾 the life 的定語(yǔ)從句，to 后的動(dòng)詞 is 是句子的謂語(yǔ)，句意為“他現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣的這種生活與我們的生活很不相同”。
(9) The work he paid special attention _____ to nothing.
A. came B. to come
C. to coming D. to came
答案選D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修飾 the work 的定語(yǔ)從句，to 后的動(dòng)詞 came 是句子的謂語(yǔ)，句意為“他特別關(guān)注的那項(xiàng)工作泡湯了”。
(10) The result what he said would lead _____ his regret in the future.
A. is B. to be
C. to being D. to was
答案選D。句中what he said would lead to 是修飾 the result 的定語(yǔ)從句，to 后的動(dòng)詞 was 是句子的謂語(yǔ)，句意為“他所說(shuō)的話將導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是他今后的后悔”。
15. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
【陷阱】容易誤選B或C，誤認(rèn)為這是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。
【分析】正確答案選A。根據(jù)句中的連詞and 可推知它是一個(gè)并列句。假若將此題改為下面這樣，則答案為B：
_______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
但是，若改成下面一題這樣，則答案為C(不定式短語(yǔ)表目的)：
_______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
請(qǐng)做以下試題，答案均選A，都是因?yàn)榫渲械牟⒘羞B詞 and（填空句為祈使句）：
(1) _______ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.
A. Get B. To get
C. Getting D. Having got
(2) ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.
A. Drink B. To drink
C. Drinking D. Having drinking
(3) ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch B. Watching
C. To watch D. Have watching
(4) _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look B. Looking
C. To look D. Having looked
(5) _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. Leave B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. When left
有時(shí)不用連詞連接句子，而用破折號(hào)，情況也是一樣(答案均選A)。如：
(6) _____ down the radio - the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turn B. Turning
C. to turn D. To have turned
(7) _____ some of this juice - perhaps you will like it.
A. Try B. Trying
C. To try D. To have tried
以下各題也應(yīng)選A，是因?yàn)榫渲械膹膶龠B詞 when, before, until 等（填空句為祈使句）：
(8) ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
(9) ______ left when you get to the end of the street.
A. Keep B. Keeping
C. To keep D. Kept
(10) ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.
A. Put B. Putting
C. To put D. To be putting
(11)______ until the lights have turned to green.
A. Wait B. To wait
C. Waiting D. Having waited
(12) ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.
A. Join B. To join
C. Joining D. Joined
以下各題也應(yīng)選A，因?yàn)樘羁站錇槠硎咕洌?/p>
(13) I don’t want to listen a long story - just _____ me the result.
A. tell B. telling
C. to tell D. to be telling
(14) Why stand there watching - _____ and help us!
A. come B. coming
C. to come D. to be coming
(15) Don’t waste your money on silly things - ______ it.
A. save B. to save
C. saving D. having saved
(16) First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.
A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking
C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking
(17) To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. to be putting
但是請(qǐng)注意，類似下面這樣的題目情形有所不同，所填部分為目的狀語(yǔ)（用不定式，即答案選B）：
(18) ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.
A. Study B. To study
C. Studying D. Having studied
(19) _____ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.
A. Sleep B. To sleep
C. Sleeping D. Having slept
(20) ______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.
A. Keep B. To keep
C. Keeping D. Having kept
(21) ______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.
A. Improving B. To improve
C. Improve D. Having improved
◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting
C. to put D. putting
2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.
A. have B. having
C. and have D. and having
3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you.
A. to ask B. asking
C. to be asked D. having asked
4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.
A. consider B. considering
C. to consider D. considered
6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry B. seen carrying
C. saw to carry D. saw carrying
9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. to be putting
13. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”
A. to get B. getting
C. to be getting D. having got
14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”
A. Get B. Getting
C. To get D. to be getting
15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.
A. lost B. losing
C. to lose D. to have lost
16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.
A. to find B. to have found
C. to be found D. being found
17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not do
18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked
19. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?” “_______ her new bike.”
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.
A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing
C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing
26. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _______ to.
A. spoken B. speaking
C. speak D. be spoken
28. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.
A. to send B. for sending it
C. to send it to D. for sending it to
29. _______ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.
A. Taking B. Being taken
C. Taken D. Having taken
30. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.
A. followed by B. following by
C. to follow D. to be followed by
31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost.
A. to explain B. explaining
C. to be explaining D. having explained
32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open B. to have opened
C. for opening D. in opening
33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering B. to be watering
C. to water D. being watering
34. Certainly I posted your letter - I remember ______ it.
A. posting B. to post
C. to be posting D. have posted
35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.
A. to tell B. telling
C. to have told D. having told
36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.
A. turning, going B. to turn, to go
C. turning, to go D. to turn, going
37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
38. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
41. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. setting
C. to settle D. being settled
42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “I’d like to have this package _______.”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
45. What have we said _______ her so happy?
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. has made
46. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed
47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _______ No. 9.”
A. that marked B. was marked with
C. which marked D. marked with
48.If the car won’t start, _____ it.
A. try push B. try pushing
C. to try pushing D. to try to push
49. They stayed up until midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in.
A. and saw B. to see
C. seeing D. for seeing
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選D。catch sb doing sth 意為“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某做某事”。
2. 選B。這是一個(gè)含when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，having a good teacher 在主句中用作主語(yǔ)。
3. 選C。句中的 it 為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式 to be asked to speak to you 為真正主語(yǔ)，因“我”與ask為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)式。
4. 選 B。like 和 love后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞均可，但 would love / like 后只能接不定式，據(jù)此可排除選項(xiàng) C、D。表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即選 B。
5. 選A，before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，填空句為主句，而此主句為一祈使句，故動(dòng)詞用原形。其中 it will have … 為修飾名詞 the effect 的賓語(yǔ)從句。
6. 選 A。根據(jù)句中的 studied 可知，他曾到國(guó)外留過(guò)學(xué)，也就是說(shuō)“留學(xué)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束并發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作(is said)之前，故用完成式，即選 A。
7. 選 C。do with 與 what 連用可以表示“處置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如：
What shall I do with it? 怎樣處置它好呢?
What have you done with my umbrella? 你把我的雨傘放到哪 里去了?
I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道這怪東西有什么用。
8. 選B。anyone seen carrying bags…為 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) seen carrying bags … 用作定語(yǔ)修飾代詞 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 為 see sb doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)式。
9. 選 B。devote…to… 的意思是“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”或“致力于……”，其中 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，若后動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞。句中的 he had 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾 all，注意不將 had to 視為同一個(gè)語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)。
10. 選 C。lead to 意為“導(dǎo)致”，其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，若后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞。由于邏輯主語(yǔ) the thief 與catch 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案選 C。
11. 選 D。look forward to 意為“期盼”，其中 to 是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞。注意不能選 B，因?yàn)?pay a visit 不能帶 the flower-lined garden 作賓語(yǔ)，假若在 paying a visit 后加上介詞 to，則可選 B。
12. 選A。句首的 to test eggs 為目的狀語(yǔ)，填空句為祈使句謂語(yǔ)，故要用動(dòng)詞原形。
13. 選B。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)表伴隨。
14. 選C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。
15. 選A。(be) lost to sth 為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“不再受某事物的影響”、“將某事物置之度外”。
16. 選C。因keys 與 find 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
17. 選 A。不定式的否定式總是將否定詞 not 置于不定式符號(hào) to 之前，而不能置于其后，同時(shí)結(jié)合 tell sb (not) to do sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)可排除選項(xiàng) C、D。當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的相同的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，通常省略該不定式而只保留不定式符號(hào) to。
18. 選 B。find 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞（表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行）或過(guò)去分詞（表被動(dòng)關(guān)系）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但是不接不定式。另外，由于he 與 smoke 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選 B。
19. 選 D。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子主語(yǔ)。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語(yǔ)顯然是 she，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等，故選 D。
20. 選 B。the key to… 意為“……的關(guān)鍵”，其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，若后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞。另一方面，名詞 demand 與 make 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系(make demands 提出要求)，同時(shí)根據(jù)句中的 by the customers，可確定答案選 B。
21. 選 C。答句是針對(duì)疑問(wèn)詞 what 的回答，而問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞 what 在句中用作主語(yǔ)，所以答句也應(yīng)是一個(gè)能用作主語(yǔ)的東西，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C合適。其完整回答形式為 Losing her new bike made Mary so upset. 比較，下面一題要填不定式，因?yàn)樗膫�(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 To choose a new chairman 能回答疑問(wèn)詞 why：
“Why was a special meeting called?” “______ a new chairman.”
A. Choose B. Choosing
C. To choose D. Chosen
22. 選 D。由于 the research 與 begin 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞 begun。Once begun 可視為 once it is begun 之省略。
23. 選 C。由于 his parents 與 lack money(缺錢)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，又因?yàn)?lack 是及物動(dòng)詞，故后接賓語(yǔ)無(wú)需用介詞，故選 C。
24. 選 D。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式要將否定詞 not 放在整個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，據(jù)此可排除 A、C。另外，由于 Tony 與 invite 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選 D。
25. C。第一空填 sung，因?yàn)?song 與 sing 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；第二空填 sing，因?yàn)?you 與 sing 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
27. 選 A。until spoken to 可視為 until he is spoken to 之略。
28. 選C，不定式短語(yǔ)to send it to 用作這語(yǔ)，修飾其前的名詞 the person。注意句尾的介詞 to 不能省略，因?yàn)楸恍揎椀拿~ the person 為介詞 to 的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。
29. 選 C。this medicine 與動(dòng)詞take 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。
30. 選A。從句意上看，人群跟在明星后面，反過(guò)來(lái)，明星便是被人群跟著。
31. 選A。go on doing sth = 繼續(xù)做同一事情，go on to do sth = 做完某事后續(xù)繼做某事。
32. 選C。excuse sb for doing sth 意為“原諒某人做了某事”。
33. 選C。remember doing sth = 記住曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事，remember to do sth = 記住要做的事。
34. 選A。remember doing sth = 記住曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的事，remember to do sth = 記住要做的事。
35. 選B。根據(jù)下文的 I can only go so fast 知前文應(yīng)是叫對(duì)方不要老催自己快走。比較：stop doing sth = 停止做某事，stop to do sth = 停下正在做的事去干另一事。
36. 選D。一是分清以下兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：remember to do sth=記住做某事，remember doing sth=記住曾做過(guò)某事；二是注意 when going to bed 相當(dāng)于 when you go to bed。
37. 選 D。由于動(dòng)詞 give 與其邏輯主語(yǔ) he 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞，即選 D。其中 Given time 可視為 If he is given time 之略。
38. C。由于 Harvard(哈佛大學(xué))與 found(建立)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且因句中有 in 1636，故選 C。注意不能選 B，否則前后兩句之間缺少必要的連詞。
39. 選D，由于 remain 為不及物動(dòng)詞，所以包含過(guò)去分詞 remained的A和C不宜選(因?yàn)閮烧呔斜粍?dòng)意味)；選項(xiàng)B也不宜選，不定式to remain 用作修飾 20 dollars 的后置定語(yǔ)，由于彼此之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故不妥（因?yàn)?remain 不及物）�，F(xiàn)在分詞remaining 的意思是“剩下的”。
40. 選 B。動(dòng)詞 hang 表示“懸掛”時(shí)，可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，此處填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因?yàn)樗硎緞?dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而此處表示的是一種懸掛的狀態(tài)。
41. 選 C�！皐ith+名詞+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如：
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗這些衣服，我無(wú)法出去了。
With such good cardres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有這樣的好干部執(zhí)行黨的政策，我們感到放心。
42. 選 B。remain 作“尚需”解，是連系動(dòng)詞，其后要接不定式作表語(yǔ)。由于 see 與 it(形式主語(yǔ)，指whether they will enjoy it)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動(dòng)式。
43. 選 D。否定詞 not 應(yīng)放在動(dòng)名詞之前，故排除A、C；又因?yàn)?Tony 與 invite 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選 D。
44. 選 D。“have+名詞或代詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在此表示“請(qǐng)某人做某事”。
45. 選 B。to make her so happy 是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。注意詞序What have we…，不是 What we have…。比較下面一題(答案選D)：
What we have said ________ her so happy.
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. has made
46. 選 B。否定詞 not 應(yīng)放在-ing 形式之前，邏輯主語(yǔ) his 之后，由此可排除 C 和 D；又因?yàn)?the child 與 allow 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選 B。
47. 選D。marked with 可視為 which is marked with No. 9 之略。
48. 選B。注意句首為if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，填空句為祈使句，故第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是try，不應(yīng)是 to try；另外，try doing sth 的意思是“做某事試試看有何效果”。
49. 選 B。不定式表目的。
責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳