Unit 1 Past and present
Welcome to the unit
Teaching Aims:
Learn some expressions on transport at different times and arouse the Ss’ interest in learning this unit.
Step 1 Presentation
Present some pictures and lead in the topic of this unit.
Step 2 Listen and answer
Listen to the conversation between Eddie and Hobo and answer the following questions:
1. Where was Hobo’s food an hour ago?
2. Who has just eaten Hobo’s food?
3. What does Hobo think of Eddie?
Step 3 Read and act
Read and act the conversation.
Step 4 Explanation
Explain the language points in the conversation:
1. Have you seen my food?
解析：此句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞形式”構(gòu)成�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)主要在以下兩種情形下使用:（1）表示過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；（2）表示過(guò)去已完成對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定影響的動(dòng)作。
否定形式為：主語(yǔ) + haven’t /hasn’t + 過(guò)去分詞
疑問(wèn)形式：Have/ Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 …？
肯、否定回答：Yes, 代詞 + have/has.
No, 代詞 + haven’t/ hasn’t.
e.g.
I’ve just eaten it. 我剛吃了它。
You’ve changed. 你變了。
She has lived here for ten years. 她在這住10年了。
- Have you finished your homework? 你完成家庭作業(yè)了嗎？
- No, I haven’t. 不，沒(méi)有完成。
★ haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not
I’ve = I have You’ve = You have
2. 本課中出現(xiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有：
see - saw - seen
eat - ate - eaten
change - changed - changed
3. You used to share food with me!
解析：used to do sth. 過(guò)去（經(jīng)常）做某事（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做了）。
e.g. He used to do exercise in the park every morning, but now he stops because of the awful air. 他過(guò)去每天早晨在公園鍛煉，但現(xiàn)在因?yàn)榭諝赓|(zhì)量差而停止了。
Step 5 Pair work
Talk about the ways of going to school in pairs like this:
A: How do you usually go to school?
B: …
A: How did your parents go to school when they were students?
B: …
Step 6 Transport at different times
Learn some transport at different times by show the pictures, then complete A on page 7.
Step 7 Listen and complete the form.
Listen to the conversation between Millie and Dad, then complete the form.
Dad Millie
Go to school By ____. By ____.
Why or Why not take a bus? There were ____ ______ people and it took a _____ _____ to wait. It’s _____ and _____.
Step 8 Pair work
Work in pairs and take turns to talk about it. Use the conversation as a model.
Past Present
go to school on foot, by bike / bus by bike / bus/ underground
go around the city by bus by bus / taxi / car
go to other cities by coach by coach / train / plane
Step 9 Exercise
1. Fill in the blanks.
Hobo’s food ____ in the _____ an hour ago. But it isn’t there now. Why? Eddie has just ____ it because he was ______. Hobo thinks Eddie has _______ and he is not _____ now because he _____ _____ share food with Hobo.
2. Translation
1) - 你看過(guò)這部新電影嗎？ - 沒(méi)看過(guò)。
- ______ you ______ this new film?
- No, _______ ________.
2) 她過(guò)去是一名歷史老師。
She ______ ______ _____ a history teacher.
3) 他們過(guò)去常常步行上學(xué)。
They______ ______ ______ to school ______ _______.
4) 我們家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。
My hometown _________ ________ a lot.
Homework
1. Recite the two conversations.
2. Remember the new words and phrases by heart.
Reading I
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn some new words on talking about the changes in past and present.
2. Practise reading skills by learning the conversation.
Step 1 Revision
詞匯：
1. - Have you ________ (看見(jiàn)) my chocolate?
- No, I _________.
2. She has _______ (剛剛) eaten lunch.
3. I used to take the _________ (長(zhǎng)途汽車) Nanjing.
4. Where do you work at _________ (目前)？
Step 2 New words
1) Read aloud the new words.
2) Complete the B1.
Step 3 Warming up
Enjoy some pictures about Shanghai’s past and present, then tell us the changes in your hometown to lead in the changes in Sunshine Town.
Step 4 Read and answer
1. Why does Millie want to know the changes in Sunshine Town?
2. Why does she interview Mr Chen?
Step 5 Tasks
Task 1: Read the conversation between Millie and Mr Chen quickly and silently, write a T if a sentence is true or an F if it is false.
Mr. Chen knows little about Sunshine Town.
1) Mr Chen moved away from his parents when he got married.
2) There is a large shopping mall in Sunshine Town now.
3) The steel factory once put its waste into the Sunshine River.
5) It is easy for Mr Chen to see his old friends now.
6) Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.
Task 2: Read aloud the conversation again. Sandy wants to learn more about the history of Sunshine Town. She is asking Millis some questions. Work in pairs. Complete their conversation.
Sandy: Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie. Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life?
Millie: Yes. He first lived with his parents in the ____________ part of town, and then moved to another flat two _________ away.
Sandy: What was the town like in the past?
Millie: There were some small ____________ and shops.
Sandy: What did Mr Chen say about the town centre?
Millie: Years ago, there was a __________ and a ________. Now there’s a new park, a new ________ and a large ______________.
Sandy: Were there any factories in Sunshine Town?
Millie: Yes. There was once a ___________ near the Sunshine River.
Task 3: Millie is going to write about the changes in Sunshine town for her history project. She has made some notes. Help her complete the sentences with the information.
Sunshine Town (1)_________________ over the years.
People now have (2)_________________ town.
The (3)______ from the steel factory was once a problem. Luckily, the government took action to improve the (4)_________.
Old people used to (5)__________________________ together.
Old people sometimes (6)_______________ because they cannot (7)________________ as often as before.
People think it is good to see (8)_____________________________.
Step 6 Read
Listen to the recording and read the passage following the tape.
Homework
1. Read aloud the conversation in pairs.
2. Find out the difficult sentences and discuss them with your classmates.
Reading II
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn the language points in this conversation.
2. Do some exercises about the language points.
Step 1 Revision
Work in pairs. Talk about Mr Chen and Sunshine Town with the help of these questions:
About Mr Chen:
1. Where did he live when he was a child?
2. Why did he move to this flat?
3. What did he use to do with his old friends?
About Sunshine Town:
1. What did people in the town have years ago?
2. What has part of the town centre turned into?
3. What did the steel factory put into the river?
4. Do you think Mr Chen lives a better life now?
Step 2 Language points:
1. I’ve lived here since I was born.
主句（用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）+ since + 從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）。這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的一種句型結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
He __________ (teach) English at this school since he ______ (come) to China.
自從他來(lái)到中國(guó)就到這所學(xué)校教英語(yǔ)。
2. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.
Has the town changed a lot over the years?
since then 從那時(shí)起（一直到現(xiàn)在）
over the years 這幾年期間
這兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特征性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：
He ________ (be) a policeman since then.
Over the years, I ________ (read) lots of books about animals.
be/get married 結(jié)婚
e.g. - How long have you been married?
你結(jié)婚多久了？
- We have been married for three years. 我已經(jīng)結(jié)婚有三年了。
3. Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.
turn/change … into… 把……變成……
e.g. The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a death trap.
那些堵住出口的汽車可能使這地方成為死亡陷阱。
4. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
realize vt. 意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)
e.g. They have realized the problem.
他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
We must try our best to realize our China dream. 我們必須要盡最大的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的中國(guó)夢(mèng)。
5. Well, in some ways it is.
in some ways 在某種程度上，在某些方面
如：In some ways I agree with you.
在某種程度上我同意你的觀點(diǎn)。
6. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
from time to time 不時(shí)，偶爾
如：We have not seen each other for a long time, but we send emails from time to time.
我們已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了，但偶爾會(huì)通郵件。
lonely 孤單的，寂寞的
alone 單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自 （= by oneself)
e.g. The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.
那個(gè)老人獨(dú)自一個(gè)人生活，但他從不感到孤獨(dú)。
7. Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town.
在it is + adjective + to-infinitive 結(jié)構(gòu)中，it 為形式主語(yǔ)，無(wú)實(shí)際意義，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：
It is nice to have a beautiful modern town.
有一座漂亮現(xiàn)代的城鎮(zhèn)真好。
Step 3 Exercises
Mr Chen _______ ________ in Sunshine Town since he was born. He _______ the town very well. He first lived with his parents in the ________ part of town. In 1965, he moved two ______ away from his parents because he _______ _______.
The town has changed a lot. They only have some small ___________ and shops, a post office and a _________.
Now they have a new park, a new theatre and a _______ ______ ______, too.
_______ was a serious problem in the past. Now the government has taken action to ________ the _________.
Sunshine Town has turned into a ________ ________ town. Though it has become ___________ for Mr Chen to see his old friends as often as before, he thinks it’s good to see the _________ _________ in the town.
二、翻譯句子：
1. 從那以后，她就獨(dú)自己一人居住。
She _____ ______ _____ _____ ______.
2. 從某種程度上講，這是項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的工作。
____ _____ _____, it’s a dangerous job.
3. 她偶爾聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。
She _____ ______ music _____ ____ ____ ______.
4. 目前人類不可能生活在月球上。
At ________, it’s ___________ _____ ________ _______ _______ on the moon.
Homework
1. Remember the new words and expressions.
2. Finish the exercises on workbook.
Grammar
Teaching Aims:
Learn the use of the present perfect tense.
Step 1 Revision
Answer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.
Model 1:
Has Sunshine Town changed a lot? Yes, it has.
Model 2:
Have Mr Chen and his wife moved out of the town? No, they haven’t.
1. Has the government built a new park?
2. Have most of Mr Chen’s old friends moved away?
3. Has it become impossible for them to see each other as often as before?
4. Have Mr Chen and his wife decided to move out of the town?
Step 2 The present perfect tense
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
e.g. I have lived here since I was born.
She has worked in this factory for nine years.
2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and have a connection with the present.
e.g. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
（Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)
I have already seen the film?
(I saw the film in the past and now I still remember something about the film.)
3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
e.g. I have already read this book many times.
Mr Chen has been to the USA twice.
4. We make positive statements in the present perfect tense like this:
I / You/ We / They have arrived.
He / She / It has
5. We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this:
I / You/ We / They have not arrived.
He / She / It has
6. We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this:
Have I / you/ we / they arrived?
Has he / she / it
Yes, I / you/ we / they have.
he / she / it has.
No, I / you/ we / they haven’t.
he / she / it hasn’t.
7. We form the past participles of some regular verbs by adding –ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs:
Most verbs +ed finish → finished
Verbs ending in -e +d change → changed
Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ied carry → carried
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant +ed stop → stopped
8. We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples:
No change come→come hurt → hurt
Change the vowel hold → held win → won
Change the consonant lend→lent build → built
Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch →caught keep→ kept forget→ forgotten
tell→ told
Others be→ been have→ had
fall→ fallen fly→ flown
draw→ drawn
see→ seen
Step 3 A short test
Write the past participles of the verbs below.
borrow plan say
hope cry grow
make send hit
get watch enjoy
Complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.
1 They ___________ (finish) their homework already.
2 John ____ never ______ (visit) China.
3 Mr Li ___________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.
4 We ____________ (not see) each other for years.
5 My parents ___________ (not come) back yet.
6 Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.
Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: ______ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy?
Sandy: No, I haven't. What about you?
Millie: I _____ (see) one last Saturday.
Sandy: What's it about?
Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I ____________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.
Sandy: Oh, I think I _________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see
it again?
Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
Step 4 Summary
一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句句型：
主語(yǔ) + have /has +過(guò)去分詞…
e. g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.
I have finished my homework.
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句句型：
主語(yǔ) + have/has+ not+過(guò)去分詞…
e.g. I have not seen the movie yet.
He hasn’t been to Beijing since then.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：
Have/ Has + 主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞…?
Yes, 主語(yǔ)+ have/ has.
No, 主語(yǔ)+ haven’t/ hasn’t.
e.g. Have you finished your homework yet?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
★ haven’t =have not hasn’t = has not
I’ve = I have He’s = He has
二、用法：以下兩種情況應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
1. 過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.
2. 過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作，但強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有一定的影響或產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果 ：
I have seen that film already.
(I saw it in the past and now I can still remember something about the film.)
★ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)只用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生了某事，并不能表明對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了什么影響。
e.g. He lost his mobile phone yesterday. 他昨天丟失的手機(jī)。
(We don’t know whether he has found it or not.)
He has lost mobile phone already. 他已經(jīng)把手機(jī)丟失了。
（He can’t use it right now.)
三、判斷方法：
1. 依據(jù)用法，結(jié)合句意判斷。如：
他在這所學(xué)校教書有三年了。
He has taught at this school for 3 years.
2. 依據(jù)一些副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和already, ever, just, never, recently, yet 等副詞，以及since, for 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
Have they arrived yet?
★ already “已經(jīng)”常用于肯定句中，yet “還，仍然，已經(jīng)”，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。
Homework
1. Review the summary on present perfect tense.
2. Finish the exercises on workbook.
Integrated skills
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn some words about describing the changes in Starlight Town.
2. Practice listening skills by listening to the passages about Starlight Town.
Step 1 Revision
Fill the blanks with the right tenses of the verbs:
1. She _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. Both of them ____________ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary _______ just ______(lose) her pen. ______ she ______ (see) it anywhere?
6. _________ you ________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No. I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We _______ already ________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village last year?
10. I _______________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. Don’t make noise. My father _________ (sleep) in the room.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. My father ___________ (read) books every evening.
11. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
Step 2 Presentation
Present some pictures to learn the new words
Step 3 Lead-in
Present some pictures about Beijing in the past and at present.
Step 4 Listening
Listen and complete A1and A2, then check the answers.
Past
Environment: green (1) ___________, clean and fresh (2) ___________, wild (3) __________ near the lake. Transport: bus and (4) ____________Living condition: old (5) _________
Present
Environment: smaller (1) ___________, new (2) ___________ station, tall (3) __________ and new roads. Transport: bus, taxi and (4) _________
Living condition: new (5) ________
Step 5 Complete A3.
1. Complete A3 and then check the answers.
2. Read aloud it.
13 February
Dear Diary,
Today I borrowed a book about Starlight Town’s past and present.
Starlight Town was very beautiful years ago. There were green (1) ___________ and wild (2) __________ near the lake. The (3) ________ was clean and fresh then. Now it has become a (4) ________ town. There is a new (5) ________ station.
There are some new roads too. People can now travel to and from the town by bus,
(6) ______ or train, but in the past, people could only travel by bus or (7) _______. Another big change is the many tall
(8) _________ in the town. Local people used to live in old houses in the (9) ________, but now, most of them have moved into new (10) ________.
Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years. I hope I can visit it again.
Step 6 Exercises
一、詞匯：
1. Protecting the e___________ is protecting ourselves.
2. Which type of t__________ do you like better, the train or the bus?
3. Our living c___________ are getting better each year.
4. He has just ________(返回）from Dalian.
1. 在這幾年里，星光鎮(zhèn)已大變樣了。
Starlight Town ___________________ over the years.
2. 上周，我借了一本關(guān)于北京的過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的書。
Last week, I _____________________________ Beijing’s __________________.
3. 當(dāng)?shù)厝藗冞^(guò)去居住在舊房子里，而現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)已搬進(jìn)了新公寓。
____________________________in old houses, but now most of them ___________________ the new flats.
Homework
1. Finish the exercises on workbook.
2. Preview the next lesson.
Speak up & Study skills
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn to talk about an old friend.
2. Learn to use facts and opinions in writing.
Step 1 Warming up
Talk about your friends:
1. Who is your best friend?
2. What is he/she like?
3. Where does he/ she live?
4. What does he/she like?
Step 2 Speak up
1. Listen and answer:
1) When did Millie meet Becky?
2) How long has she leave China?
3) Was Becky alone in the USA?
4) How does Millie communicate with Becky?
2. Work in pairs and tell your partner about the changes in your life. Use the conversation below as a model.
Step 3 Language points
1. She’s just returned from the USA.
這里的she’s 是she has的縮略形式。
return vi. 返回
e.g. return home (adv.) 回家
return to school (n.) 回到學(xué)校
2. When did you last see each other?
你們上次見(jiàn)面是什么時(shí)候?
last adv. 最近, 上一次; 最后�？晌挥趧�(dòng)詞前, 也可位于動(dòng)詞后。
e.g. I last saw him in Shanghai two years ago.
我上一次是兩年前在上海見(jiàn)到他的。
= I saw him last in Shanghai two years ago.
3. So how do you keep in touch with each other? 那你們是如何保持聯(lián)系的呢？
keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持聯(lián)系, 也可用stay in touch with sb.表示。
e.g. Please keep/stay in touch with me while you are in Beijing.
你在北京的時(shí)候, 請(qǐng)和我保持聯(lián)系。
4. We mainly communicate by email. 我們主要通過(guò)電子郵件交流。
communicate vi./vt. 交流, 交際
e.g. She has never communicated with us.
她從未和我們聯(lián)系過(guò)。
Step 4 Study skills
1. Explanation:
Facts and opinions(事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)）：
We often use facts and opinions when we write. Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think.
我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到陳述事實(shí)和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的句子。事實(shí)是指客觀存在的事物或是事情，通常包括姓名、日期、事件和數(shù)字等。觀點(diǎn)則是表達(dá)我們對(duì)于某件事物或事情的感覺(jué)、想法等。
Give some examples.
★ Sentences that show opinions often use verbs like feel, believe and think or have adjectives like good, bad and terrible.
e.g. I think it’s important to learn more than one foreign language.
2. Practice
1) Please find some sentences that tell the truth, and some sentences that show the opinions in this unit.
2) Complete Ex. A.
3. Explanation:
★ When we write, we can use facts to support our opinions. We can also give facts first, and then state our opinions.
當(dāng)我們寫作時(shí)，我們用事實(shí)支持我們的觀點(diǎn)。我們可以先給出事實(shí)，然后再陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。
Opinion Facts
My hometown is beautiful. There are green hills all around. A river runs through the centre of town.
4. Practice:
Complete Ex. A.
5. 學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)：be/ get used to sth. / doing sth.
習(xí)慣于（適應(yīng)于）某事/做某事
e.g. He is not used to living in the city. 他不習(xí)慣生活在城市。
I got used to the life there. 我很快適應(yīng)了那里的生活。
used to do sth. 過(guò)去（常常）做某事
e.g. He used to live in the country. 他過(guò)去常住在農(nóng)村。
Step 5 Exercises
Translation
1. 你何時(shí)和你父母出國(guó)？
When do you ____________________________?
2. 從那時(shí)起，他們彼此沒(méi)再見(jiàn)過(guò)面。
They ____________________________________.
3. 有些學(xué)生僅通過(guò)電話和父母保持聯(lián)系。
Some students only ______________________________________________.
4. 老年人過(guò)去在這里晨練。
Old people ______________ morning exercise here.
5. 你習(xí)慣喝咖啡嗎？
_______________________________coffee?
Homework
1. Remember the new words and expressions.
2. Preview the next lesson.
Task
Teaching Aims:
1. Complete Amy’s report on the changes in Moonlight Town.
2. Learn to write a similar article about the changes in one’s hometown.
Step 1 Revision
Work in pairs. Talk about the changes in your hometown by asking the following questions:
Where do you live?
What were the roads like in the past?
What are the roads like at present?
How did your father go to school when he was young?
…
Step 2 New words
Present the new words: narrow, open space with some pictures.
Step 3 Read about the changes in Moonlight Town and learn some useful expressions
… has changed a lot over the years.
Many changes have taken place in …
People are enjoying a … life.
There were only … in the past, but now…
People used to …
The government has built …
Many families have their own …
Step 4 Complete C according to Part B.
Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years. Now people are enjoying a comfortable life. In the past, there were only (1) _______________ roads in the small town. There was (2) _______ everywhere.
But now the streets are (3) ____________ with many (4) _________ on both sides. The government has also built (5) ____________________ in some large open spaces. Years ago, people lived in (6) ______________. Now most of them have moved into (7) ________. They used to (8) _______________ or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers and the (9) _______. Moreover, (10) _____________ make communication easier now. In the past, people travelled around the town (11) __________________, but now they can go around (12) ____________. Many families even have their own cars.
Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.
Answers: narrow and dirty, rubbish, wide and clean, green trees, shops and tall buildings, small old houses, new flats, listen to the radio, Internet, mobile phones, on foot or by bicycle, by bus or taxi
Step 5 Talk about the changes in your own hometown.
Homework
Finish Self-assessment on page 19.