Unit 12 Don't eat in class.
單元目標(biāo):
1. 學(xué)會(huì)用英文表達(dá)一些標(biāo)志的含義。
2. 能熟練使用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言談?wù)搶?duì)某些規(guī)章制度(校規(guī)、家規(guī)等)的看法。
3. 祈使句
單詞:
in class 在課上;上課時(shí)rule n. 規(guī)章;規(guī)定hallway n. 門(mén)廳;走廊classroom n. 教室
Ms n. (用于姓氏前)女士fight v. 打架;打仗outside adv. 在外面;向外面cafeteria n. 自助食堂have to 不得不;必須sneakers n. (pl.)膠底運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋gym abbr. (gymnasium)體育館;(gymnastics)體育;體操Dr abbr. (doctor, 用于姓氏前)博士;醫(yī)生by prep. (表時(shí)間)在......以前;不晚于wash v. 洗;洗滌;清洗No talking! 禁止談話!
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):
1. in class 在課上2. on school nights 在上學(xué)的晚上3. school rules 校規(guī)
4. no talking 禁止交談5. listen to music 聽(tīng)音樂(lè)6. have to 不得不
7. take my dog for a walk 帶狗去散步8. eat outside 在外面吃飯9. in the hallway 在走廊上10. wear a uniform 穿制服11. arrive late for class 上學(xué)遲到
12. after school 放學(xué)后13. practice the guitar 練習(xí)彈吉它14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友見(jiàn)面16. by ten o'clock.十點(diǎn)之前17. be in bed 在床上18. the Children's Palace 少年宮19. help my mom make dinner 幫助我媽做飯
重點(diǎn)句子:
1. What are the rules at your school? 你們學(xué)校有什么規(guī)定?
Don't run in the hallways and don't arrive late for class. 不要在走廊上跑,不要遲到。
2. Can we eat in school? 我們能在學(xué)校吃東西嗎?We can eat in the cafeteria, but we can't eat in the classroom. 我們可以在自助餐廳吃東西,但是我們不能在教室吃東西。
3. Can you wear hats in school? 你們?cè)趯W(xué)?梢源髅弊訂幔縔es, we can. / No, we can't. 是的,我們可以。/不,我們不可以。
4. Do you have to wear a uniform at school? 你們?cè)趯W(xué)校不得不穿校服嗎?Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 是的,我們要穿。/不,我們不穿。
5. What else do you have to do? 你還有別的不得不做嗎?We have to clean the classrooms.
我們不得不打掃教室。
重、難點(diǎn)解析:
1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to 的用法,意思是"必須、不得不",它側(cè)重于客觀上的必要和外界的權(quán)威。(1)結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),用has to;句子是過(guò)去時(shí),用had to.)如:We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在體育課上,我們必須穿運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 湯姆每天必須練習(xí)彈吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5點(diǎn)起床。
(2)否定形式:主語(yǔ)+don't have to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),用doesn't have to. 句子是過(guò)去時(shí),用didn't have to)
如:Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我們不必馬上完成作業(yè)。
(3)疑問(wèn)句:Do (Does或Did)+主語(yǔ)+have to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他
如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必須呆在家里嗎?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的,我必須。不,我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11點(diǎn)前上床睡覺(jué)嗎?
2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法
(1)表示能力,"會(huì)""能"(在第一冊(cè)中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)這種用法)
Can you play the guitar? 你會(huì)彈吉它嗎?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
(2)表示允許、許可,"可以"、"能"(在這一課中新學(xué)的詞義)
Can the students run in the hallways? 學(xué)生們可以在走廊上跑嗎?We can eat outside. 我們可以在外面吃東西。Can I come in? 我能進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?
注意 同樣是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,can 和have to 的用法是有區(qū)別的,和大部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,can在否定句中,直接在can后加上not,在疑問(wèn)句中,把can放到主語(yǔ)前面,并且沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
3. hear,listen和sound都有"聽(tīng)"的意思,但三者是有區(qū)別的。
(1)hear"聽(tīng)說(shuō)",側(cè)重于"聽(tīng)"的內(nèi)容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)你生病了,我很難過(guò)。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)這么有趣的一個(gè)故事。
(2)listen"聽(tīng)"側(cè)重于"聽(tīng)"這一動(dòng)作。Listen to me carefully. 認(rèn)真聽(tīng)我說(shuō)。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子們喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。
(3)sound"聽(tīng)起來(lái)",它是系動(dòng)詞,后面接形容詞等。That sounds great. 那聽(tīng)起來(lái)真不錯(cuò)。
It sounds like fun. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺有趣。
4. be in bed "在床上、臥床"in 和bed之間不能用冠詞,bed也不用復(fù)數(shù)。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他臥床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大衛(wèi)每晚必須很早睡覺(jué)。
5. arrive late for 與be late for 意思相近,"遲到"Don't arrive (be)late for school. 上學(xué)別遲到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。
6. No talking ! "禁止交談!"no后面加上名詞或動(dòng)名詞(doing)也表示不要做某事。與don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放濕雨傘!
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸煙!
語(yǔ)法(祈使句)
祈使句是用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、號(hào)召或者勸告等的句子,這類句子的主語(yǔ)常是第二人稱you,也就是聽(tīng)話者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的開(kāi)頭是動(dòng)詞原形。
如:Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在這等我!
Be sure to come here on time! 務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)到這里!
祈使句的否定形式多以do not(?s寫(xiě)成don't)開(kāi)頭,再加上動(dòng)詞原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上學(xué)別遲到。
Don't fight! 別打架!
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。