本章教學(xué)目標(biāo)
(1)提高交際能力，掌握表示對(duì)過(guò)去事物的推測(cè)的日常用語(yǔ)；
(2)學(xué)會(huì)使用本單元重點(diǎn)單詞、詞組和句型；
(3)學(xué)會(huì)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的用法，提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)突破
【對(duì)話】
1．The guards couldn't have been watching very carefully.衛(wèi)兵不可能一直進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密地監(jiān)視。
(1)couldn't have been watching是由could(can)+not +have +done構(gòu)成，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的否定推測(cè)。例如：
He can't(couldn't)have watched TV yesterday for he knew he would have an exam.昨天他不可能看電視，因?yàn)樗揽煲荚嚵恕?/p>
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納如下：
(2) must +have +done表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)合乎情理的邏輯推斷，是顯然或必然的結(jié)論，或確有把握的推測(cè)。例如：
It was wet on the road. It must have rained last night.路上很濕。昨天晚上一定下雨了。
(3)can +have +done表示過(guò)去的一種確定無(wú)疑的可能性，多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。例如：
--Where can John have put the matches?約翰把火柴放哪了?
--He can't have thrown them away.他不可能把他扔掉的。
(4) could +have +done表示本有可能完成的動(dòng)作，但是由某種原因而未完成。例如：
You could have been more careful.你本能夠更細(xì)心些的(事實(shí)上并不細(xì)心)。
(5)might／may +have +done表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)過(guò)去可能已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的一種懷疑或推測(cè)。例如：
He seems to know the city quite well. He may／might have been there before.他似乎對(duì)那個(gè)城市很熟悉。他以前可能去過(guò)那里。
(6) should／ought to +have +done表示過(guò)去應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情，但是并沒(méi)有做到，常常帶有一種后悔、埋怨或責(zé)備的口氣。ought to比should的口氣更強(qiáng)。例如：
I should have told you my telephone number.我本應(yīng)該把我的電話告訴你。
You oughtn't to／shouldn't have laughed at his mistake.你不該取笑他的錯(cuò)誤。
(7)needn't +have +done表示過(guò)去不必干或不需做卻做了的事
You needn't have woken me up；I don't have to work today.你本來(lái)不必叫醒我，今天我可以不去上班。
2．So it was easy to stay hidden.容易躲藏。
hidden是過(guò)去分詞，作stay的表語(yǔ)。例如：
The little boy was hidden behind the door, eating the cake.(=He hid himself behind the door，eating the cake)這小男孩躲在門(mén)后吃蛋糕。
Hidden in the forests，the thief couldn't be found easily.小偷藏在樹(shù)林里，所以很難找到。
I'm sure that the murderer must be hidden on the mountain.我確信兇手一定藏在山上。
【課文】
1．One day he had been called out to attend a young peasant and his sister.有一天請(qǐng)他出診，給一個(gè)年輕的農(nóng)民和他的姐姐看病。
(1)句中的attend作“治療／看護(hù)”(look after ,give medical care to)。
例如：
In his last illness he was attended by Dr.Carson.他上次生病時(shí)是由卡爾醫(yī)生治療的。
The patient has three nurses and doctors attending him.這位病人有三個(gè)護(hù)士和醫(yī)生照顧。
(2)attend to意為“注意”、“用心”。而attend on／upon譯為“伺候，照看”。
He was so ill that two nurses attended on him.他病得那樣重，有兩個(gè)護(hù)士照顧他。
Tom，could you attend to the customers，please?湯姆，照應(yīng)一下顧客，好嗎?
You must attend carefully to these pieces of advice.你必須認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)這些忠告。
2．fortune作名詞。
(1)fortune作名詞�？蓴�(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞“機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣，命運(yùn)，成功，巨富”。
短語(yǔ):
be in good fortune 運(yùn)氣好 have fortune on one's side 走紅運(yùn)
a man of fortune 富人 make one's fortune 發(fā)財(cái),致富
try one's fortune 碰運(yùn)氣 tell sb.his fortune為某人算命、看相
(2)fortunate作形容詞“幸運(yùn)的，運(yùn)氣好的，吉利的，帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的”。
You were fortunate to escape being injured.你沒(méi)有受傷，真幸運(yùn)。
He was fortunate enough to have a good income.他很幸運(yùn)，有一筆好收入。
3．The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger．農(nóng)民們要負(fù)擔(dān)重稅，還要忍饑挨餓。
(1)suffer from“受痛苦、受折磨、受損失”。例如：
I'm sure you have suffered from overwork.你肯定是勞累過(guò)度了。
For much of the time he suffered from bad health.在大部分時(shí)間里，他的身體都不好。
The old man is suffering from loss of memory.這老人苦于喪失了記憶力。
(2)另suffer作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)常是pain，loss，defeat，punishment，hardship，injustice，discouragement等。
He suffered great pain／heavy loss.他受到痛苦煎熬/很大損失。
4．Come to達(dá)到，發(fā)生，合計(jì)，蘇醒，歸結(jié)為。
In a moment she carne to (herself).過(guò)了一會(huì)，她突然蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)。
He thought it over, but could come to no conclusion.他認(rèn)真考慮過(guò)，但沒(méi)有得出結(jié)論。
This new term has come to end.這學(xué)期結(jié)束了。
Their scheme came to nothing.他們的計(jì)劃落空了。
His earnings come to$6000 a year.他年收入為六千美元。
5．On reading it，he found that a servant of the family in France had been putin prison，through no fault of his own 。 看了信，他得知他法國(guó)家中的一個(gè)仆人被無(wú)辜地關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。
On hearing the news，he burst into tears.(As soon as he heard the news，he...)一聽(tīng)到這消息，他就哭了。
On his arrival in Paris，he was arrested.( As soon as he arrived in Paris，he was...)一到巴黎他就被捕了。
on+(V+ing)表示“一……就”，類似的表達(dá)法還有：as soon as, the moment ,immediately, no sooner...than, hardly...than, hardly...when, directly等。
On arriving there，they set about doing the experiment.一到那兒他們便開(kāi)始做實(shí)驗(yàn)了。
=The moment they got there，they set about the...=Immediately they got there，they set about...=No sooner had they got there than they set about...=Hardly had they got there when they set about...
6．Strangely ,they looked as if they were twins.說(shuō)起來(lái)奇怪，這兩個(gè)人看上去像孿生兄弟。
strangely副詞，“奇怪地”，在句中作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。
Personally I don't think he will interview you.(wrong)
(R:Personally，I don't think he will interview you.) 我個(gè)人認(rèn)為他不會(huì)采訪你。
評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)不與它所評(píng)論的句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上緊密結(jié)合，通常位于句首(間或也可在句中或句末)，并常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。
Honestly, I think you are wrong.說(shuō)實(shí)在的，我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。
strangely enough，the man didn't take the diamond away.真奇怪，那人沒(méi)有拿走這鉆石。
另外，評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)也用介詞詞組、非限定動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：
In my opinion，you'd better go home.我認(rèn)為你最好回家。
Judging from his accent，he is from Britain.從他的口音判斷，他是英國(guó)人。
7．bring up①教育，養(yǎng)育；②嘔吐；③提出(話題)
All children should be brought up to respect their parents.應(yīng)教育所有的孩子尊敬父母。
He was brought up by his grandparents in the small village.他是爺爺奶奶在這小村子里帶大的。
The patient brought up what he had eaten.這個(gè)病人把吃下的東西全吐出來(lái)了。
His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.他的新建議在會(huì)議中被提出。
8．Under an English name以一個(gè)英國(guó)名字作掩護(hù)
under在此短語(yǔ)中的意思是“以……作掩護(hù)，偽裝，庇護(hù)，假借”。
The prisoner escaped under the cover of night.囚犯趁著夜色的掩護(hù)逃跑了。
You may take a two-day leave under the teacher's hand.經(jīng)老師簽名，你可以休假兩天。
He cheated me under the mask of friendship.她借朋友之名欺騙了我。
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析】
1. They had come from England, having heard the strange news that Dr Manette, Lucie's father, was alive and was living in Paris.
他們從英國(guó)來(lái)是因?yàn)槁?tīng)說(shuō)了一個(gè)驚人的消息--露西的父親莫奈特醫(yī)生仍然活著，而且還住在巴黎。
本句中的that從句為news的同位語(yǔ)從句。分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。
2. The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country, having lived such a hard life for so long, took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles.
城市貧民和鄉(xiāng)村里的農(nóng)民由于長(zhǎng)期過(guò)著非常艱苦的生活，都拿起刀槍開(kāi)始槍殺富有的貴族。
這里分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。
3. Dr Manette had been put in prison for no good reason.
莫奈特大夫被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄是沒(méi)有正當(dāng)理由的。
①be put into/in prison(被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄), be sent to prison(被送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄), be in prison (在坐牢)，上述詞組中的prison前皆不加冠詞，詞義不再指具體的“監(jiān)獄的房子”了，而被抽象化指“被監(jiān)禁”的狀態(tài)，類似的詞組有：
go to school/college/church/hospital
②for. . . reason 為了……緣故/原因，如：
for some reason, for a simple reason
for the reason of health, for no reason
for no good reason
4. The guards couldn't have been watching very carefully.
衛(wèi)兵們不可能一直認(rèn)真站崗。
can't/couldn't+have been doing sth. 表示“想必不可能一直做某事”又如：
It's very hot today. They can't have been working in the sun.
5. On reading it, he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison, though no fault of his own.
讀完信后，他得知他法國(guó)家中的仆人被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄，盡管他本人沒(méi)有任何罪過(guò)。
①On reading it=as soon as he read it.
on/upon doing(或+n. )當(dāng)……，一……就
a. On hearing the news, the students burst into shout with joy.
b. On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble.
②through表示原因“由于”。如：
He failed to pass the exam through his carelessness.
We were lost in the forest through not knowing the way.
核心知識(shí)
【常用單詞積累】
let in in peace put. . . in prison for no good reason keep silent over fall in love with make sure of suffer from come to under an English name take up set fire to burn. . . to the ground or rather do wrong sentence. . . to death be eager to do a good deed
【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)精講】
1. I spoke to her and persuaded her to let me in.
我同她談起話來(lái)，并說(shuō)服她讓我進(jìn)去了。
句中的let in意思是“讓……進(jìn)入”。e. g.
①Open the window and let in some fresh air. 把窗戶打開(kāi)，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。
②The baby is afraid of the dog. Don't let it in. 孩子怕狗，別讓它進(jìn)來(lái)。
習(xí)慣搭配
動(dòng)詞let的常見(jiàn)搭配形式：
let. . . out(of) 放出，發(fā)出，泄露；let. . . off 讓……上岸或下車(chē)；放過(guò)(不追究)； let. . . alone 不干涉，不管；let alone 更別說(shuō)；let. . . be 聽(tīng)任，不打擾； let. . . down 讓…… 失望
①M(fèi)other won't let us out when it rains. 天下雨時(shí)，媽媽不讓我們出去。
②Who let the air out of my tyre ? 誰(shuí)把我的車(chē)胎氣給放了?
③Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy. 男孩聽(tīng)到好消息，發(fā)出高興的叫聲。
④It was Tom who let out the secret. 是湯姆泄露的機(jī)密。
⑤I asked the captain to let me off at the next port. 我請(qǐng)船長(zhǎng)在下一個(gè)港口讓我上岸。
⑥Let me alone. 別管我。(讓我一個(gè)人呆著)。
⑦Let her be; she has a headache. 別打擾她，她頭疼。
2. Dr Manette had been mentally disturbed by his long years alone in prison and his hair had turned white.
由于多年被單獨(dú)關(guān)在牢房里，曼奈特醫(yī)生精神失常了，頭發(fā)也變白了。
句中的mentally為副詞，作“精神上，智力上”解。disturb是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“攪亂，弄亂”。mentally disturbed意為“精神錯(cuò)亂”。另外，disturb還可作“打擾，干擾，使(某人)煩惱或不安”等解。e. g.
①Don't disturb the papers on my desk. 別把我桌子上的文件弄亂了。
②A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.
一陣輕風(fēng)吹來(lái)，水面蕩起層層漣漪。
③She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child.
她輕輕地開(kāi)門(mén)，以免驚擾了睡著的孩子。
④There was a sign on the door, saying “Don't disturb! ”
門(mén)上掛著個(gè)牌子，上面寫(xiě)著“請(qǐng)勿打擾! ”
⑤She was disturbed to hear about her mother's sudden illness.
她獲悉母親得急病后感到心神不安。
3. One day he had been called out to attend a young peasant and his sister.
有一次他被叫去出診，給個(gè)年輕的農(nóng)民和他的姐姐看病。
(1)call out常作“大聲叫喚”解，此處意為“請(qǐng)出”。e. g.
①She called out with pain. 她疼得叫了起來(lái)。
②Doctors are often called out in the middle of the night.
醫(yī)生常常在半夜被請(qǐng)去出診。
(2)句中的attend為及物詞，作“看護(hù)，照料，服侍”解，相當(dāng)于look after。作這個(gè)意思解時(shí)，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，與介詞on/upon連用，即attend on/upon sb. ，意為“照料、看護(hù)或服侍某人”。e. g.
①She had two nurses attending(on) her. 有兩位護(hù)士看護(hù)著她。
②If you go out, who will attend the baby? 你要是出去了，誰(shuí)來(lái)照料孩子?
(3)attend作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常作“出席，到場(chǎng)，參加”解。attend a meeting/conference(出席會(huì)議)、attend school/classes(上學(xué))，attend a lecture(聽(tīng)報(bào)告)，attend a party(出席宴會(huì))，等等。e. g.
①They attend school five days a week. 他們每周上學(xué)五天。
②The dance was well attended. 這次舞會(huì)參加的人很多。
(4)attend還可作不及物動(dòng)詞表示“注意，專心，傾聽(tīng)”的意思，常跟介詞to連用， 即attend to(專心于，傾聽(tīng))。e. g.
①You must attend to your work. 你必須專心于你的工作。
②Attend carefully to what she's saying. 注意聽(tīng)她說(shuō)。
習(xí)慣搭配
attend與join, join in和take part in的區(qū)別：這幾種表達(dá)都有“參加”之意。但attend指“參加(會(huì)議等)，出席，到場(chǎng)”；join指“參加(組織、集體，成為其中一員)”；join in 和take part in都指“參加(活動(dòng))”。e. g.
①Did you attend the meeting yesterday? 你出席昨天的會(huì)議了嗎?
②She intends to join that club. 她打算參加那個(gè)俱樂(lè)部。
③All the students joined in/took part in the discussion. 所有的學(xué)生都參加了討論。
④Won't you join us in the game? 不和我們一起玩游戲嗎?
4. After the return of Dr. Manette to England, two men fell in love with Lucie Manette, Charles Darnay and Sydney Carton.
在曼奈特醫(yī)生回到英國(guó)后，有兩位男士，一個(gè)叫查爾斯達(dá)尼，一個(gè)叫悉尼卡爾登，都愛(ài)上了露西曼奈特。
句中的fall in love with意為“愛(ài)上(某人)”。其中fall的意思是“變?yōu)椋兂桑?不知不覺(jué)地或突然地)進(jìn)入……狀態(tài)”。e. g.
①They've fallen in love. 他們已墜入愛(ài)河。
②He fell in love with her at first sight. 他對(duì)她一見(jiàn)鐘情。
③I fell in love with the beautiful place. 我愛(ài)上了那個(gè)風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方。
習(xí)慣搭配
fall in love與be in love的區(qū)別：
be in love也可作“愛(ài)上”解，是指“在相愛(ài)”的狀態(tài)；fall in love是“愛(ài)上”的行為變化過(guò)程。e. g.
They fell in love with each other when they first met on a train. They've been in love for 5 years. 他們?cè)诨疖?chē)上第一次遇見(jiàn)時(shí)就愛(ài)上了對(duì)方，至今已經(jīng)相戀五年了。
聯(lián)想遷移
由fall構(gòu)成的詞組常見(jiàn)的還有：
fall asleep 入睡；fall ill 生��；fall into the habit of 形成……習(xí)慣
5. In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the noble' s castles and burnt them to the ground.
在鄉(xiāng)村里革命者放火燒毀了貴族的城堡，把它們夷為平地。
(1)句中set fire to (sth. ) 是“放火”、“使……著火”的意思，也可以用set(sth. ) on fire來(lái)表示，其意義相同。e. g.
①Who set fire to the house? (或Who set the house on fire? )
是誰(shuí)放火燒房子的?
②The waste paper should be set fire to.
這些廢紙應(yīng)當(dāng)燒掉。
(2)burn…to the ground意為“燒毀(房子等)”。e. g.
Their houses, too, were burnt to the ground.
他們的房子也被燒毀了。
語(yǔ)法講解
burn. . . to the ground中的介詞to意思是“到，直到(……狀態(tài)/程度)”。類似的用法常見(jiàn)的還有：
①burn/beat/starve. . . to death 燒/打/餓死
②She sang the baby to sleep. 她唱歌哄嬰兒入睡。
③He tore the letter to pieces. 他把信撕碎了。
④I was moved to tears. 我被感動(dòng)得流淚。
6. When the people in the court heard this, there was no doubt in their minds that the St. Evremonde family had done much wrong.
法庭里的人們聽(tīng)到這件事后，他們腦子里都認(rèn)為埃弗雷蒙家庭實(shí)在是罪孽深重。
句中的do wrong是動(dòng)詞詞組，作“做錯(cuò)事，做壞事，做得不對(duì)”解。其中的wrong是名詞， 是“(使別人受損害/委屈的)錯(cuò)事”，與此相應(yīng)的詞組是do right，作“做得對(duì)”解。e. g.
①I(mǎi) hope you'll never do wrong. 我希望你永遠(yuǎn)都不要做壞事。
②You did quite right to accept the invitation. 你接受邀請(qǐng)是對(duì)的。
語(yǔ)法講解
類似的動(dòng)詞詞組還有：do good(做好事，有好處)，do harm(有害處)，do one's best(盡最大努力)等。e. g.
①You should do good all your life. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)一輩子都做好事。
②Any kind of pollution will do harm to health. 任何污染都會(huì)危害健康。
③We have done our best to help him. 我們已經(jīng)盡了最大努力來(lái)幫助他。
【單元知識(shí)綱要】
類 別
語(yǔ) 言 項(xiàng) 目
詞 匯
disturb, noble, tax, deed, suffer, eager, light a fire, have a test , call for help, all day long, fall in love with, take up
日常交
際用語(yǔ)
The guards couldn't have been watching very carefully.
You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
She might have called for help.
語(yǔ) 法
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
典型例題
【基礎(chǔ)題】
★例1 When I got back home I saw a massage pinned to the door_____“Sorry to miss you, will call later.”
A．Read B．reads C．to read D．reading
導(dǎo)析：“read”在本句中譯為“讀作，內(nèi)容是”，充當(dāng)前面名詞message的定語(yǔ)，它們之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在分詞“reading”。答案：D
★例2 European football is played in 80 countries，_________it the most popular sport in the world.
A．making B．makes C．made D．to make
導(dǎo)析：本句譯為“80個(gè)國(guó)家的人們踢歐式足球，這使得它成為世界上最流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)”。從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，后面的“使得”應(yīng)該作前面句子的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，故答案應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在分詞“making”。答案：A
【易錯(cuò)題】
★★例1________，tears came into his eyes.
A．Moved by her words
B．moving by her words
C．He was moved by her words
D．Because he was moved by her words
導(dǎo)析：本句中的“感動(dòng)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)“眼淚”沒(méi)有任何主謂和動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故不能用分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，又因C項(xiàng)少了一個(gè)從屬連詞，只有加一個(gè)“because”才能使前面句子成為后面句子的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。答案：D
★★例2
--There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
--It________ a comfortable journey.
A．can't be B．shouldn't be
C．mustn't have been D．couldn't have been
導(dǎo)析：上句已表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，只有D項(xiàng)正確。句意為“車(chē)上已經(jīng)有5個(gè)人了，但是他們還是設(shè)法帶上我，想必一定不是一次舒適的旅行了”
答案：D
【創(chuàng)新題】
★★例
--Nancy is not coming tonight.
--But she_________!
A．promises B．promised
C．will promise D．had promised
導(dǎo)析：該題是通過(guò)情景對(duì)話來(lái)考查考生的運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的能力。關(guān)鍵詞“But”，上句雖說(shuō)“今晚將不來(lái)”，可是“她答應(yīng)過(guò)要來(lái)呀!”只能用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示。答案：B
【高考題】
★★★例(1994年，全國(guó))I told sally how to get here，but perhaps I________ for her.
A．had to write it out B．must have written it out
C．should have written it out D．ought to write it out.
導(dǎo)析：該題意思是“我告訴她怎么到這兒，可是我本該為她寫(xiě)出這里的詳細(xì)地址�！北磉_(dá)了一種懊悔的心情。答案：C
【閱讀分析點(diǎn)撥】
‘As I stood in front of the grave(墓) of President Richard Nixon, I was thinking about the time 25 years ago when this president helped bring the United States and China closer together. Young people of our two countries should help this relationship grow. ’
This remark was made by a Shanghai student when speaking to his fellow students at the Nixon Library in California, USA. He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month long ‘Youth Summit’. The Summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年) of President Nixon' journey to China, which was the turning point in China US relations.
The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. Seventy five American students were selected to visit China. They also visited the Nixon Library on July 21 before leaving for Beijing the next day. The head of the Library said he was pleased to see the American and Chinese students talking and laughing together.
One Chinese student said, ‘I didn't find it particularly difficult to talk with Americans. We have our differences, but we have a lot in common. Dialogue is good for us. ’
1. The words ‘Youth Summit’ refer to .
A. visits to the Nixon Library
B. the Chinese students' visit to the US
C. a meeting discussing relations between China and the U. S.
D. activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students
解析 為了紀(jì)念尼克松總統(tǒng)訪華二十五周年，中美中學(xué)生互訪，交流，故D為最佳答案。Youth Summit指的是旨在加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)學(xué)生聯(lián)系的一系列活動(dòng)。而選項(xiàng)A與B都僅是其中的一個(gè)側(cè)面，故可以排除。
2. The student from Shanghai thought about the time 25 years ago because it was when Nixon .
A. died
B. visited China
C. became US president
D. started building the library in his name
解析 從文章第二段The Summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年) of Predident Nixon's journey to China, which was the turning point in China-U. S. relations一句中不難看出，二十五年前尼克松訪華，故B為最佳答案。
3. The text mainly about .
A. the China US relations B. the Nixon Library
C. President Nixon D. the Youth Summit
解析 文章中涉及了中美關(guān)系(選項(xiàng)A)、尼克松圖書(shū)館(選項(xiàng)B )和尼克松總統(tǒng)(選項(xiàng)C)，但主要談?wù)摰氖侵忻纼蓢?guó)中學(xué)生交流的一系列活動(dòng)，即the Youth Summit，故D為最佳答案。
【課本難題解答】
Lesson 85
2. Hiding; hidden; waited; came; fetch; spoke; persuaded; was; knew; was; was; helped; (to)light; could be seen
說(shuō)明：She helped him(to) light a fire that…miles后面的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，“to”可以省掉，也可以保留。
3. 1)D 2)A 3)E 4)B 5)C 6)F
Lesson 86
2. 1)B 2)C 3)D 4)A 5)C 6)B 7)B 8)A
說(shuō)明：1) the owner of which是由“名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替先行詞shop。
2) having heard. . . 是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它表示的時(shí)間發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had come之前。
4) having been kept. . . 是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。=who had been kept a prisoner. . .
Lesson 88
1. 1)revolutionary 2)mentally 3)fortunately; fortunate
4)arrival 5)prison 6)silence 7)death
2. a sleeping baby; a smiling face;
an interesting film; the rising sun;
the coming year; living things;
a developing country; a moving story;
boiling water; surprising; news;
a singing star; waving branches
說(shuō)明：這個(gè)練習(xí)中的現(xiàn)在分詞，都用作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。它們與所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。例如：a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping
a developing country=a country that is developing
【有關(guān)"Unit 22 A tale of two cities" 的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)1. g2u22 A Tale of Two Cities 教案
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：
本單元要求掌握
Lesson85
一、交際用語(yǔ)
1）You must have been mad to speak to the servant．
2）The guards couldn’t have been watching very carefully．
3）You might both have been caught and killed．
二、單詞和詞組
1）servant 2）stay hidden
3）let…in 4）call for help
5）light a fire 6）have a test
7）get a full mark
三、句型
1）It was the first time we had spoken togeth- er．
2）I took fifteen minutes to get home．
Lesson86－87
一、單詞和詞組
1）in peace 2）put…in prison
3）call…out 4）for no good reason
5）keep silent over… 6）make sure of
7）pay heavy taxes 8）suffer… from…
9）fall in love with… 10）in public
11）attend 12）take up one’s guns
13）burn…to the ground
14）set fire to… 15）address
16）or rather 17）on his arrival…
18）do wrong
19）sentence…to death
20）do a good deed
二、句型
1）Defarge was pleased at their arrival．
2）He hated the way they treated the peasant．
3）Dr．Manette had been kept a prisoner for many years．
4）On reading the letter，he found that a ser- vant of the farmily in France had been put in prison．
5）He would have his head cut off the next day．
三、語(yǔ)法
動(dòng)詞ing形式用作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
1）They quickly moved the sleeping man out of the prison．
2）The poor of the city，having lived such a hard life，took up their guns．
Lesson88
一、單詞和詞組
1）the suffering peasants 2）for a start
3）date 4）oder a drink
二、聽(tīng)力
掌握大意和查找細(xì)節(jié)。
三、寫(xiě)作
1）連詞成句。
2）連句成篇，形成書(shū)信格式。
教案內(nèi)容：
內(nèi)容1：教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
內(nèi)容2：同步練習(xí)
【關(guān)于“Unit 22 A tale of two cities”的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題】
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題1: Unit 22 A tale of two cities
問(wèn)題：
It is the first time I your country.
A. that; had visited B. 不填；have visited
C. when; visit D. that; will visit
解答:
分析 答案為B。在這一句型中引導(dǎo)詞用that(可省略)，不可用其它詞，且后用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題2: Unit 22 A tale of two cities
問(wèn)題：
-This is Tom speaking.
-Hi, Tom, please stay at home, I'll you at 6∶30 and we'll go to see the film together.
A. call on B. wait for
C. drop in on D. call for
解答:
分析 答案為D。call for意為“邀某人同往某處；(親自)接；需要”，在此句中為第一含義。
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題3: Unit 22 A tale of two cities
問(wèn)題：
-I have worked in Huanggang for twenty years.
-So you there for twenty years, you?
A. must live; didn't B. must have lived; haven't
C. can have lived; can't D. must have lived; mustn't
解答:
分析 答案為B。本句中must+have done是對(duì)過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在“20 年”的推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣，因此本身是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以反意問(wèn)句還是由完成時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。