U3知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.a(chǎn)nother和the other
A. another通常用于三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或物體,意思是“另一個(gè)”,“再一個(gè)”。例如:
May I have another cake, please?
請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我一塊蛋糕,好嗎?(已經(jīng)吃了一塊或幾塊,一共有多少蛋糕不確定)
This coat is too small for me. Please show me another.
這件外套我穿太小,請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件試試。(商店里外套肯定有許多)
B. the other指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”,有特定的范圍,不是任意的“另一個(gè)”。例如:
Here are two rulers. One is short, the other is long.這兒有兩根尺,一根很短,另一根很長。
One of Tom's feet is bigger than the other.湯姆的腳一只比另一只大。
C. the others或 the other修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示除已提到的以外,所有其余的人或物。例如:
Jim and Jack are reading in the classroom. The Others/The other students are playing games.
吉姆和杰克在教室里看書,其他學(xué)生在活動(dòng)。
如果表示“一個(gè)……另外兩個(gè)”則可說為“one…the other two”。請(qǐng)看下面類似的說法:one……one…the third(三個(gè))。
2. few, a few, little 和a little
首先,這些詞(或詞組)均能用來修飾名詞。此時(shí),few和a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。few 表示“很少”,“幾乎沒有”,從含義上來說含有否定意義。a few則表示“有幾個(gè)”,“有一些(some)”,含肯定意義。如:
Few people like talking to her. 很少有人(幾乎沒人)喜歡跟她說話。
A few students came to school yesterday.(只有)少數(shù)學(xué)生昨天到校。
little 和a little則用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。其中l(wèi)ittle表示“很少”,“幾乎沒有”,從含義上來說有否定意義。a little則表示“有些”,含肯定意義。
That teacher knows little French. 那位老師幾乎不懂法語。
He asked me for a little milk. 他向我要了點(diǎn)兒牛奶。
另外,a little表示“一點(diǎn)兒”時(shí)還可作副詞使用,修飾形容詞(含比較級(jí))或副詞(含比較級(jí))。如:
I’ m a little afraid of him. 我有點(diǎn)兒怕他。
Jack's brother is a little taller than Jack. Jack 的哥哥(或弟弟)比Jack高一點(diǎn)兒。
3. Would you like…?
“Would you like…?”用于表示“建議”或“請(qǐng)求”的場合,是一個(gè)常用的禮貌用語,使用應(yīng)注意以下六點(diǎn):
一、“Would you like…?”后接名詞、代詞或不定式短語。例如:
1. Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Day?
你和莉麗愿意到我家度中秋節(jié)嗎?
2. Would you like a mooncake? 你想吃月餅嗎?
二、“Would you like…?”雖是疑問結(jié)構(gòu),但表示的是“建議”或者“請(qǐng)求”為此表示“一些”這個(gè)意義時(shí)常用some,而不用any。例如:
1. Would you like some apples? 你想吃蘋果嗎?
2. Would you like to buy some cakes? 你想買幾塊蛋糕嗎?
三、“Would you like…?”表示“建議別人吃(喝)點(diǎn)東西”時(shí),常用have 代替eat或drink. 例如:
1. Would you like to have a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶嗎?
2. Would you like to have some bread? 你想吃一些面包嗎?
四、“Would you like…?”可用“Will you please?”代替。如要表示更委婉、更禮貌的語氣時(shí),也可用“Would you please…?”代替。但注意“Would (Would )you please…?”后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
Would you like to go out for a walk with me? = Will (Would ) you please go out for a walk me? (請(qǐng))你和我一起出去散步好嗎?
五、“Would you like…?”與like含義不同。like表示“喜歡”,后接不定式短語或名詞、動(dòng)詞;而would like是固定搭配,表示“希望、愿意”,后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能跟不定式短語。試比較:
1. Would you like to swim today? 你今天想去游泳嗎?
2. Do you like to swim today? 你今天喜歡游泳嗎?
六、“Would you like…?”的肯定答語多用 “Yes, I’d love to.” 或 “Yes, I’d like to.” 這里的to不可省略,它代替動(dòng)詞不定式;否定答語常用 “Sorry, I’m afraid…”. 例如:
1. -Would you like to go fishing with us? 你愿意和我們一起去釣魚嗎?
-Yes, I’d love to. 行,我樂意。
2. -Would you like to come with me? 請(qǐng)你與我一道來好嗎?
- Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t (wouldn’t). 對(duì)不起,恐怕不行。
4. 日常交際用語 How about…?
當(dāng)你向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆环N建議時(shí),你可用此句型
(1) -Shall we go to the Huangshan Mountain scenery Zone this summer?
-We went there last summer. What about a visit to Hong Kong since it turns over to the mainland this July?
-Let me think about it a while.
-今年夏天咱們?nèi)S山風(fēng)景區(qū)嗎?
- 我們?nèi)ツ晗奶烊サ摹O愀劢衲昶咴戮鸵貧w祖大陸,既然這樣,到香港旅游怎樣?
- 讓我想會(huì)兒吧。
(2) -How about going to the ball tonight? 今晚去跳舞怎樣?
-Good idea! 好主意。
-Let's meet at the Red Rose Nightclub at 7:00 this evening, OK?
咱們今晚七點(diǎn)在紅玫瑰夜總會(huì)門口碰頭,好嗎?
-All right. 好吧。
要注意的是:表示建議的句式,Why not后面接動(dòng)詞不定式,不準(zhǔn)要to; 而how about 要接動(dòng)詞ing形式。
How about doing sth.? 等于What about doing sth.?