高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)教案（10）
（SB I-Units 19-20）
一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.重點(diǎn)單詞
fair army
careless refuse
support officer
remove cross
pretend engineer
designer design
metal ink
pot form
unknown print
steam press
method sheet
development net
lightly printing
everyday discribe
2.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
to one’s surprise 使……吃驚的是
call at 拜訪（某地）
look down upon 蔑視
come out 出版；（花朵）開(kāi)放
throw away 扔掉
at the same time 同時(shí)
fishing net 魚(yú)網(wǎng)
3.重點(diǎn)句型
It seems that…
It’s adj. For/of sb.to do sth.
Unless you tell me , I …
I’m sure(that) …
The problem as that by the first century…
The making of paper had been developen.
That dosen’t sound like…
It’s believed that…
4.交際用語(yǔ)
學(xué)習(xí)如何對(duì)某事表示肯定、否定或持懷疑態(tài)度的常用語(yǔ)：
I’m（not）sure…/I believe…
I guess…/I (don’t)think…
In can believe that…/ That’s not fair.
I(don’t)think so.
5.語(yǔ)法
掌握whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.“復(fù)合名詞”變復(fù)數(shù)的幾種形式
(1)由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，兩個(gè)成分都要變。如：
a man doctor→men doctors男醫(yī)生
a woman driver→women drivers女司機(jī)
(2)由“名詞+名詞”以及“動(dòng)名詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，把復(fù)數(shù)詞尾放在一個(gè)名詞上。如：
police officers 警官 boy-friends男朋友
match-boxes火柴盒 flower shops花店
frying pans平底鍋
(3)由“名詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，把復(fù)數(shù)詞尾放在名詞上。如：
passers-by過(guò)路人 lookers-on旁觀者
(4)由“家庭成員+in-law”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式放在第一個(gè)成分上。如：
fathers-in-law（岳父） sisters-in-law（嫂嫂）
sons-in-law（女婿）
(5)復(fù)合名詞中沒(méi)有名詞時(shí)，把復(fù)數(shù)詞尾放在最后一個(gè)詞上。如：
go-betweens中間人，媒人 grown-ups成年人
2.appear;seem;look
appear, seem, look都有“看起來(lái)似……”之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。
從意義上講：
(1)appear強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人的印象，有時(shí)含實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此的意思，如：
He appears to know more than he really does。他看起來(lái)好像懂得很多。（其實(shí)懂得沒(méi)有那么多）
(2)seem暗示有一定根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)，如：
His health seems to be better.
他的健康狀況似乎有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
(3)look著重由視覺(jué)得出的印象，如：
He doesn’t look his age.
他看起來(lái)比實(shí)際年齡年輕（或老成）。
從用法上講：
seem和appear后可加
(to + be)+表語(yǔ)(adj.或n.或prep.)
+to v.
It + ~ +(that)從句如：
He seems/appears（to be）very sad today.
=It seems that he is very sad today.
It seems like years since I saw you last time.
He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.）
He seems/appears to have caught a cold.
=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.
look當(dāng)“看起來(lái)似乎……”講時(shí)，可接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和as if從句。如：
He looks strong.
She looks like her mother.
It looks as if we are going to miss the train.
3.動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
為了避免重復(fù)，我們常常把作賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分的不定式省略，只保留動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)to�，F(xiàn)將常見(jiàn)省略不定式的幾種情況通過(guò)實(shí)例加以簡(jiǎn)析，供大家參考：
(1)-How about coming to my house?
-I’d love to if it doesn’t give you so much trouble.
在hope, like, love, promise, want, wish等詞后作賓語(yǔ)的不定式常省略。再如：
You may go if you want to.
She can get a job if she hopes to.
-How about going hunting with me tomorrow?
-I’d like to, but I have no time.
（2）Don’t close the window until I ask you to.
在allow, ask, tell 等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式常省略。再如：
Don’t touch the light unless your mother allows you to.
Don’t plant potatoes until the peasant tells you to.
（3）He didn’t want to hand in his composition, but he had to.
在be able to, be going to, have to, need to, enough to, used to等后的不定式需省略。再如：
I don’t sing much, now, but I used to a lot.
If you don’t want to say anything at the meeting, you don’t need to.
She didn’t go out last night, because she was afraid to.
在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等詞后作狀語(yǔ)的不定式常省略。再如：-Will you go with me to see the film tonight?
-I’ll be glad to.
4. at work; out of work; after work
這三個(gè)以work為中心詞的介詞短語(yǔ)，在意思和用法上均不相同。
(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：
They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。
His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時(shí)出了事故。
(2)out of work表示“失業(yè)”，是介詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于lost one’s job或be unemployed。例如：
If you don’t work hard, you’ll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會(huì)失業(yè)。
You’ll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會(huì)失業(yè)的。
(3)after work表示“下班后”，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：
What do you usually do after work?下班后你經(jīng)常干什么？
I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過(guò)劉先生。
5.to one’s surprise表示“令人吃驚的是”，是介詞短語(yǔ)。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)，位于句首，其中one’s 指形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，surprise前也可用形容詞修飾。例如：
To my great surprise, he passed the English examination.令我大為吃驚的是，他的英語(yǔ)考試極格了。
To Mr Lin’s surprise, Miss Li alone got three gold medals.使林先生吃驚的是，李小姐一人得三塊金牌。
(2)in surprise表示“吃驚地、驚奇地”，是介詞短語(yǔ)，作程度狀語(yǔ)，常位于謂語(yǔ)之后。例如：
“How do you come to know it ?”Mr Zhao asked in surprise.趙先生驚奇地問(wèn)：“你怎么知道的？”
He shouted to us in surprise.他吃驚地向我們呼喊。
(3)by surprise表示“出其不意、趁……不防、突然”，是介詞短語(yǔ)，作方式狀語(yǔ)。例如：
He took the dog by surprise. 他趁那條狗不防突然進(jìn)行襲擊。
His visit took me by surprise.他的突然來(lái)訪使我感到意外。
6. promise sb. to do sth.
allow/permit sb. to do sth.
允許/答應(yīng)某人做某事
分析：二者的漢語(yǔ)意思一樣。但用法有區(qū)別，請(qǐng)看例子：
My father promised me to give up smoking. 我爸爸答應(yīng)我戒煙。（是“爸爸”戒煙，而不是“我”戒煙。即：動(dòng)詞不定式是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作）
My father doesn’t permit/allow me to smoke.我爸爸不允許我抽煙。
在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式是賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。
另外，兩者的結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別如下：
promise to do sth.（后跟不定式）
allow/permit doing sth.（后跟動(dòng)名詞）
例：I promised to help him with his English.
Drinking wine is not allowed /permitted in our school.
7.lie-lied-lied-lying
lie-lay-lain-lying
lay-laid-laid-laying
分析：(1)lie-lied-lied-lying意思是“說(shuō)謊”。
例：I have never lied in my life.
Obviously he was lying.
(2)lie-lay-lain-lying意思是：“躺、平放、臥”“位于”。
例：The children lay on the grass, looking at the beautiful sky.
The look is lying on the desk.
(3)lay-laid-laid-laying
意思是“放置”“產(chǎn)（卵）”“下（蛋）”，lay是原形動(dòng)詞。
例：She laid the baby gently down on the bed.
The hen laid an egg yesterday.
注意：①lying既是“說(shuō)謊”的現(xiàn)在分詞，又是“躺、位于”的現(xiàn)在分詞。
②lay既是“放置、產(chǎn)卵”“下蛋”的原形動(dòng)詞，又是“躺、位于”的過(guò)去式。
8.this/that kind of…
…of this/that kind“這種……”
析：this/that kind of 后常用“單數(shù)名詞”；而…of this/that kind前常用“復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。即：
this/that kind of+單數(shù)名詞=復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of this/that kind
例：This kind of car is made in China.（單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）
= Cars of this kind are made in China.（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）
9.come out
come out是本單元需要掌握的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)它們的用法作一比較全面的了解。
(1)come out(= be published)出來(lái)；出版
I’ll let you have a copy of my book as soon as it comes out.我的書(shū)一出版我就送你一本。
(2)come out (= to bloom)長(zhǎng)出；發(fā)芽；開(kāi)花；（使）開(kāi)花；（使）繁盛
Spring comes, the trees turn green and flowers come out.春天來(lái)了，樹(shù)變綠了，花兒開(kāi)了。
(3)come out (= to appear)出現(xiàn)；出來(lái)
Ever since then, the bat comes out only at night.從那時(shí)起，蝙幅只在晚上出來(lái)。
(4)come out(= to win…)獲得（名次）
I came out first in the examination.
我考試得了第一名。
(5)come out(= to become known)傳出，公之于眾；（秘密）泄露
The truth will come out some day.
總有一天會(huì)真相大白的。
(6)come out (= to be seen, as in a photograph)（在相片等中）顯示；被看見(jiàn)
Mary always comes out well in photos.瑪麗總是很上相。
(7)come out (= to be developed)沖��；沖洗
The boss said that the photos had been come out for a long time.老板說(shuō)照片已經(jīng)沖印出來(lái)很久了。
(8)come out (= to be removed; disappear)去掉；消失
Would you please help me to make the ink in my shirt come out?你能幫我把襯衣上的墨水漬去掉嗎？
(9)come out (to be on strike; to refuse to work)罷工
The workers came out for a pay raise.工人們?yōu)樵黾庸べY而罷工。
(10)come out (= to end in the stated way)后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是
The answer to the question came out wrong.這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)是錯(cuò)誤的。
(11)come out (= to express clearly)(意思)表達(dá)清楚
The meaning of his speech did not come out well.他講話的意思不很清楚。
(12)come out (= to be counted)算出來(lái)；總計(jì)
The total expense（花費(fèi)）comes out at 5000 yuan.總開(kāi)支達(dá)五千元。
10.call 短語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞.call所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)很多，現(xiàn)將在中學(xué)課上的常出現(xiàn)的由call所構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的意義和用法列出。
(1)call at 指短期訪問(wèn)某地：順便去某處。
We called at the park when we stayed in the city. 我們?cè)谀莻�(gè)城市時(shí)順便去了那個(gè)公園。
(2)call on的意思“正式拜訪某人”；此外，它還有“號(hào)召”之意。如：
They called on the famous scientist.他們拜訪了那個(gè)著名科學(xué)家。
The Party calls on us to learn from Comrade Lei Feng.黨號(hào)召我們向雷鋒同志學(xué)習(xí)。
(3)call to“大聲呼喚、招呼、呼求”。如：
They called to us for help. 他們向我們呼求援助。
(4)call for可作“要求、需要、提倡”，還可作“邀約”解。如：
This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.這是個(gè)要求立即解決的問(wèn)題。
I’ll call for you then and we go there together.到時(shí)我來(lái)叫你，我們一起去哪兒。
(5)call in有“召來(lái)、召請(qǐng)、召進(jìn)”之意。
You’d better call in a doctor.你最好請(qǐng)一位醫(yī)生來(lái)。
(6)此外，call back有“叫回來(lái)、收回”之意；call off有“叫出去、叫走”之意；call after可作“追在后面叫喊”和“以某人的名字命名”之意。
11.case用法小結(jié)
(1)名詞case的詞意
①意為“情形、情況”。
If that’s the case, you’ll have to work much harder.如果是那種情形的話，你將不得不更加努力地工作。
②意為“病例、案例”。
There were seven cases of cholera.有7起霍亂的病例。
The civil case will be heard in court next week. 這一案件將于下星期審理。
③意為“箱、盒、容器”。
John bought a case of beer.約翰買(mǎi)了一箱啤酒。
(2)由case構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)
①in case意為“因?yàn)榭赡馨l(fā)生某事、以防萬(wàn)一”，是介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，常可置于句尾；也可用做連詞，后跟that從句(that常省略)，表示條件或目的，從句謂語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用should+動(dòng)詞原形(should常省略)或陳述語(yǔ)氣。
It may rain-you’d better take an umbrella(just)in case(it does).可能下雨--你最好帶把雨傘，以防萬(wàn)一。
In case(=If)he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
如果他在我回來(lái)之前到，請(qǐng)讓他等一下。
He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case(that)he should be recognized.他不敢出門(mén)，生怕被認(rèn)出來(lái)。
②in that case意為“既然那樣、假若是那樣的話”，用來(lái)承接上文。
In that case, you wouldn’t have a pan on fire. You’d have a house on fire！
要是那樣，你就不光使鍋著火，你還會(huì)把房子燒起來(lái)。
You don’t like the job? In that case why don’t you leave?你不喜歡這份工作？那你怎么不辭掉呢？
He may be late. In that case we ought to wait for him.他可能遲到，因此我們應(yīng)該等他。
③in any case意為“無(wú)論如何、總之”。
We have to help him to pay the debt in case.我們無(wú)論如何要幫他還債。
④in no case意為“在任何情形下決不、無(wú)論如何都不”，用于句首時(shí)句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。
In no case shall I forget the expression on her face.我決不會(huì)忘記她臉上的表情。
⑤in case of sth.意為“若發(fā)生某事、如果、假如”，是短語(yǔ)介詞，后接名詞、代詞、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇火警時(shí)立即按警鈴。
In case of rain（=In case it rains）,they can’t go.要是下雨，他們就走不了了。
In case of his being absent, we’ll put off the meeting till next week.如果他缺席，我們就會(huì)把會(huì)議推遲到下周。
⑥in the case of意為“至于、就……來(lái)說(shuō)”，是短語(yǔ)介詞。
In the case of your debt, I’ll pay it off for you.至于你的欠款，我會(huì)替你還清的。
☆經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
1. She pretended me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not see
分析 A。pretend后可接不定式，不定式的否定形式是在不定式符號(hào)to前加not。
2.（NMET 1998）
-Nancy is not coming again.
-But she .
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
分析 B。對(duì)話的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，答應(yīng)的時(shí)間在對(duì)話之前，所以用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
3.-Do you know our town at all?
- No, this is the first time I here.
A. was B. am coming C. came D. have been
分析 D。表示第幾次到某地要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
4.(NMET 1998)
-Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
-I am tired. I the living-room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have b從題干中I am tired 和all day這時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)看，該空的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
5.（NMET 2000春）
-You’re drinking too much.
-Only at home. No one me but you.
A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw
分析 C。從句子意思可以判斷，這里表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
6.These kinds of shoes well. een painting D. have painted
分析 C。
A. were not sold B. won’t sold
C. are not sold D. don’t sell
分析 D。當(dāng)sell表示“銷(xiāo)路、行情好壞”時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。有類(lèi)似用法的詞還有cut, write, wash 等詞，當(dāng)它們表達(dá)特定含義時(shí)，只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。