Peiod 3 Language study
張寨中學高二英語組
一、學法導引
掌握單詞和短語glory,shade,audience,dare,be supposed to do等的用法。
掌握過去分詞作狀語的用法。
二、重點難點聚焦
1.glory .n （1）光榮；榮譽；壯麗
Those who died bravely in battle earned everlasting glory.
在戰(zhàn)場上英勇犧牲的人贏得了永恒的榮譽。
Our team didn’t exactly cover itself with glory today.
我隊今天未能真正載譽而歸。
（2）榮耀的事，值得贊賞的事（cn）
When that bush comes into flower it is the glory of the whole garden.
那矮樹叢開花時，就成了整個花園的光彩奪目之處。
2．shade n （色彩的）濃淡深淺，（圖畫、照相等的）暗部，陰涼處，蔭
Do you like the blouse in this shade?
你喜歡這種色度的女襯衫嗎？
The threes give some shade from the sun.
這些樹遮住了陽光，很舒適涼快。
相關鏈接：
shade 指遮擋住太陽的任何地方。
Shadow 由某物構成的黑影。
3．Audience n
(1) 聽眾，觀眾
A large audience enjoyed every word he said.
為數(shù)眾多的觀眾欣賞他的每一句話。
Then the audience disappeared slowly.
然后觀眾慢慢散去。
（2）這個詞也可作可數(shù)名詞
There was a large audience at the concert.
音樂會有大批觀眾。
（3）“觀眾”作為整體看待時，動詞用單數(shù)，看作許多人時動詞用復數(shù)，有時兩種形式都可用。
4．dare
(1) 用作情態(tài)動詞后接不帶to的不定式，主要用于疑問、否定、或條件句。
How dare you speak to me like that?
你怎么敢這樣對我說話？
No one dare talk about it.
誰也不敢談這件事。
（2）用作行為動詞后接帶to的不定式。
He dares to do all he says he will.
凡是他說他要干的事，他都敢干。
Try it if you dare.
要是你敢的話，你就試試看。
注意：①dare用作情態(tài)動詞通常不用于肯定句。
誤：She dare walk in the street at night.
正：She dares to walk in the street at night.
夜里她不敢一個人在街上走。
②dare作行為動詞，用于否定句時，后面的不定式符號可省略。
They did not (to) enter the burning house.
③ I dare say 是固定用法，作插入語
There is something worng with the radio, I dare say.
收音機恐怕有點毛病。
5．be supposed to do....應該做....(=should do)
be not supposed to do ....禁止做謀事....
You are supposed to start work at 8:30 every morning.
你應該每天上午8點30分工作。
You are not supposed to be there.
你不可到那邊去。
三、法詮釋A、B
A、重點內容
（1）轉換問題
過去分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，可以轉化成相應的狀語從句。例如：
1.表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業(yè)。
2.表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來斗爭。
3.表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。
Given another chance, he will do better. 再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。
4.表示讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。
5.表示方式或伴隨情況。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。
6.過去分詞無論作什么狀語，其邏輯主語應是主句的主語。
【誤】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.
【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.
【誤】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較
不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，如果單獨作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通常可以轉換成一個相應的狀語從句，如果狀語從句中的謂語動詞為被動結構，就用過去分詞；如果狀語從句中的謂語動詞為主動結構，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。有時為了強調，分詞前可帶連詞when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
如果你努力，你會成功的。
[b]Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
雖然他被擊敗了，但他仍然是一個受人喜愛的拳擊手。
B、難點內容
1、分詞作時間或條件狀語時，為了明確其意義有時可在分詞前加上when,while,if 等連詞。
If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.
假若僅靠你的想象去寫，報告是不會有說服力的。
Once (it is)seen, it will be forgotten.
After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldn’t run any more.
2、分詞的獨立結構
1) 分詞作狀語時，要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動詞的主語一致。否則，分詞必須有自己的主語，這種帶主語的分詞被稱為分詞的獨立結構，或叫獨立主格。在句中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件等。例如：
The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.
完成那個計劃后，他們休了兩周假。
2) 獨立結構有時也可以用“with/ without + 名詞（或代詞的賓語）+ 分詞”的結構，表示伴隨狀況。例如：
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake.
他們靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。
四、高考真題鏈接
1. ____ , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (上海2004春)
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
【點撥】選C。however引導讓步狀語從句時，必須后跟一個形容詞或副詞，只有C項符合這一要求。
2. We're going to ____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?(北京2004春)
A. get inB. get overC. get alongD. get together
【點撥】選D。get together表示“相聚”；get in收獲(莊稼)；get over越過，克服；get along進行，進展。
3. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child. (上海2002春)
A. is to blameB. is going to blame
C. is to be blamedD. should blame
【點撥】選A。be to blame(該受責備)是主動形式，表示被動意義。
4. Paper money was in use in ____ China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. (NMET 1999)
A. the; 不填B. the; theC.不填; theD. 不填; 不填
【點撥】選C。in use是固定搭配，意為“在使用”；序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the表示順序或位次。
5. The students are ____ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty. (NMET 1988)
A. mostB. almostC. mostlyD. at most
【點撥】選B。根據(jù)句意，“這些學生大多是16到20歲的年輕人”得知，mostly是最佳答案。
(Keys: 1─5 BDBAA 6─10 DCCCA )
Peiod 3 Language study
張寨中學高二英語組
一、學法導引
掌握單詞和短語glory,shade,audience,dare,be supposed to do等的用法。
掌握過去分詞作狀語的用法。
二、重點難點聚焦
1.glory .n （1）光榮；榮譽；壯麗
Those who died bravely in battle earned everlasting glory.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our team didn’t exactly cover itself with glory today.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
（2）榮耀的事，值得贊賞的事（cn）
When that bush comes into flower it is the glory of the whole garden.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2．shade n （色彩的）濃淡深淺，（圖畫、照相等的）暗部，陰涼處，蔭
Do you like the blouse in this shade?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
這些樹遮住了陽光，很舒適涼快。
相關鏈接：
shade 指遮擋住太陽的任何地方。
Shadow 由某物構成的黑影。
3．Audience n
(2) 聽眾，觀眾
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
為數(shù)眾多的觀眾欣賞他的每一句話。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
然后觀眾慢慢散去。
（2）這個詞也可作可數(shù)名詞
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
音樂會有大批觀眾。
（3）“觀眾”作為整體看待時，動詞用單數(shù)，看作許多人時動詞用復數(shù)，有時兩種形式都可用。
4．dare
(2) 用作情態(tài)動詞后接不帶to的不定式，主要用于疑問、否定、或條件句。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
你怎么敢這樣對我說話？
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
誰也不敢談這件事。
（3）用作行為動詞后接帶to的不定式。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
凡是他說他要干的事，他都敢干。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
要是你敢的話，你就試試看。
注意：①dare用作情態(tài)動詞通常不用于肯定句。
誤：She dare walk in the street at night.
正：She dares to walk in the street at night.
夜里她不敢一個人在街上走。
②dare作行為動詞，用于否定句時，后面的不定式符號可省略。
They did not (to) enter the burning house.
③ I dare say 是固定用法，作插入語
There is something worng with the radio, I dare say.
收音機恐怕有點毛病。
5．be supposed to do....應該做....(=should do)
be not supposed to do ....禁止做謀事....
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
你應該每天上午8點30分工作。
You are not supposed to be there.
你不可到那邊去。
三、法詮釋A、B
A、重點內容
（1）轉換問題
過去分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，可以轉化成相應的狀語從句。例如：
1. 表示時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調時間概念。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入黨以后，他決定獻身于黨的事業(yè)。
2.表示原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來斗爭。
3.表示條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. 再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。
4.表示讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
盡管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。
5.表示方式或伴隨情況。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。
6.過去分詞無論作什么狀語，其邏輯主語應是主句的主語。
【誤】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.
【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.
【誤】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較
不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，如果單獨作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通常可以轉換成一個相應的狀語從句，如果狀語從句中的謂語動詞為被動結構，就用過去分詞；如果狀語從句中的謂語動詞為主動結構，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。有時為了強調，分詞前可帶連詞when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
如果你努力，你會成功的。
[b]Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
雖然他被擊敗了，但他仍然是一個受人喜愛的拳擊手。
B、難點內容
1、分詞作時間或條件狀語時，為了明確其意義有時可在分詞前加上when,while,if 等連詞。
If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.
假若僅靠你的想象去寫，報告是不會有說服力的。
Once (it is)seen, it will be forgotten.
After (he was) shot in the leg, he couldn’t run any more.
2、分詞的獨立結構
1) 分詞作狀語時，要特別注意其邏輯主語必須和謂語動詞的主語一致。否則，分詞必須有自己的主語，這種帶主語的分詞被稱為分詞的獨立結構，或叫獨立主格。在句中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件等。例如：
The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.
完成那個計劃后，他們休了兩周假。
2) 獨立結構有時也可以用“with/ without + 名詞（或代詞的賓語）+ 分詞”的結構，表示伴隨狀況。例如：
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake.
他們靜靜地坐在那里，眼睛看著湖面。
四、高考真題鏈接
1. ____ , I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. (上海2004春)
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
【點撥】選C。however引導讓步狀語從句時，必須后跟一個形容詞或副詞，只有C項符合這一要求。
2. We're going to ____ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?(北京2004春)
A. get inB. get overC. get alongD. get together
【點撥】選D。get together表示“相聚”；get in收獲(莊稼)；get over越過，克服；get along進行，進展。
3. I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child. (上海2002春)
A. is to blameB. is going to blame
C. is to be blamedD. should blame
【點撥】選A。be to blame(該受責備)是主動形式，表示被動意義。
4. Paper money was in use in ____ China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. (NMET 1999)
A. the; 不填B. the; theC.不填; theD. 不填; 不填
【點撥】選C。in use是固定搭配，意為“在使用”；序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the表示順序或位次。
5. The students are ____ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty. (NMET 1988)
A. mostB. almostC. mostlyD. at most
【點撥】選B。根據(jù)句意，“這些學生大多是16到20歲的年輕人”得知，mostly是最佳答案。
五、跟蹤反饋
1. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____ . (上海2004春)
A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. (上海2004春)
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
3. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (上海2003)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
4. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____ . (上海2003春)
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
5. Unless ____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (上海2003春)
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
6. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
7. ____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海2001春)
A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffe D. Being suffered
8. If ____ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (上海1998)
A. giving B. give C. given D. being given
9. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET 1996)
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. “Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice. (MET 1993)
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing