蘇州市十六中學(xué) 周紅蘭
【教學(xué)課型】復(fù)習(xí)及寫作訓(xùn)練課
【教材分析】
1.教材內(nèi)容 (牛津初中英語(yǔ)8A Unit 6 8BUnit 5&6)
2.教材處理
8A Unit6講述了發(fā)生地震和暴風(fēng)雪等自然災(zāi)害后當(dāng)?shù)厝藗內(nèi)绾螐娜輵?yīng)對(duì),相互幫助,共渡難關(guān)。8B Unit 5&6介紹了一些慈善機(jī)構(gòu)和組織以及它們的職能。筆者對(duì)這三個(gè)單元進(jìn)行有機(jī)的串聯(lián)與整和,同時(shí)還注重把學(xué)生所需要的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境和背景知識(shí)滲透在整個(gè)過(guò)程中。重新設(shè)計(jì)寫作任務(wù),要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)寫記敘文、說(shuō)明文、倡議書等,自然承接,深化話題,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)學(xué)生呼吁他人幫助受災(zāi)群眾的社會(huì)責(zé)任感;激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛(ài)國(guó)愛(ài)民之情;增加對(duì)自然災(zāi)害的認(rèn)識(shí)和防范。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】
1 知識(shí)目標(biāo)
復(fù)習(xí)并靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)的描述受災(zāi)和呼吁捐助災(zāi)區(qū)的詞匯和句型:
詞匯:fire, earthquake, flood, rainstorm, snowstorm, typhoon, sandstorm, donate to, raise … for等
句型:Thank you for…; It’s … for sb to do sth; I’m asking you to …;
I’m wondering if …; I hope that …等
2 能力目標(biāo)
1)能根據(jù)所提供話題和范文寫一份倡議書
2)了解和掌握一些在不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的自然災(zāi)害和人力不可抗拒的重大事故中如何自護(hù)和自救的辦法。
3 情感和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)
加強(qiáng)生命教育,增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感,懂得珍惜生命,懂得如何動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量來(lái)幫助處于困境中的人們。
【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】
1 復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)的詞組和短語(yǔ)
2 根據(jù)文字提供的信息寫一篇有關(guān)的文章
【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】
1 如何寫出語(yǔ)意連貫及結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文
2 如何把握寫作中的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài);語(yǔ)氣和情感
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】
Step 1 Lead in
Read some newspaper headlines and watch some pictures about the earthquake that happened in Sichuan , then talk about the pictures and review the expressions and phrases:
survive the earthquake kill thousands of people feel a shaking through my body
look at each other in fear run in all directions
pieces of glass and bricks fall down begin to come down
be trapped in calm down shout/scream for help
stay alive be in a great hurry move away the bricks and stones
operate on the PLA men soliders/social workers
give out food and clean drinking water volunteers/do some voluntary work
government officials support teams team spirit
be grateful to carry on with send donations to
without meals or sleep with tired bodies group themselves into a team of four
mourn the death of sb have support from businesses
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】
首先齊聲朗讀三個(gè)單元的Reading部分,然后叫學(xué)生找出其中的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)和詞組,教師板書在黑板上,可叫同學(xué)一起拼寫。接著展示和觀看圖片讓學(xué)生了解5.12地震的慘烈和災(zāi)后中國(guó)政府和中國(guó)人民如何共同抗震救災(zāi),眾志成城。教師可以要求學(xué)生朗讀詞組、書寫詞組和短語(yǔ)、根據(jù)板書在黑板上的詞組來(lái)復(fù)述汶川大地震的經(jīng)過(guò)。激發(fā)他們的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情,珍惜和尊重生命。同時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)了詞組和句型,承接救災(zāi)這個(gè)話題,提高他們對(duì)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的興趣,同時(shí)引出下一步驟。
Step 2 Discuss: 1. What should we do if an earthquake happens to us?
2. What can we do to help the survivors?
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】
Step1 和Step2是Pre-writing階段,是語(yǔ)言和內(nèi)容的輸入,輸入階段可以是聽(tīng)一段材料,閱讀一篇文章,也可以是讓學(xué)生看圖說(shuō)話等。教師可以在寫作之前組織學(xué)生圍繞寫作的話題展開(kāi)討論,讓他們能言之有物。在這部分教師可以啟發(fā)學(xué)生討論如果大地震來(lái)臨我們?nèi)绾蚊撾U(xiǎn)、如何減少傷害或傷亡。適時(shí)地進(jìn)行“事先預(yù)防教育”、“事中處理教育”、“事后化解教育”。讓孩子進(jìn)行自我保護(hù)的教育。
Step 3 Teach how to wrote an article and ask them to write one, supposing they are victims, survivors , volunteers, doctors or the reporters in quake zones. And ask them to pay attention to the writing tones, capitalization, usage, punctuation, and spelling.
1) choose the topic
2) choose materials
3) make a list
4) start to write
A terrible earthquake happened in Sichuan. / There was a terrible earthquake in Sichuan.
The houses and buildings fell down and the survivors were homeless.
He lost family members and relatives and he was very sad.
Premier Wen was in a great hurry to the quake zones .
The PLA men hurried to the quake zones.
They were searching for the survivors.
She was trapped in the bricks and stones and the volunteers were trying to save her.
The soldiers were carrying the victims on their backs.
A little baby was saved.
They were having a break.
The doctors were performing an operation.
They were marching across the stones and bricks and carrying the victims.
The chairman of our country was comforting a child without parents.
The nurse was encouraging the girl not to give up hope.
They were supporting each other.
The support team members were mourning the death of a mother and her daughter.
The goods from foreign countries arrived.
A new couple were donating blood.
The children were donating their pocket money.
A beggar was donating money .
All the Chinese people were mourning the loss of more than 7 million of people.
The volunteers were giving out the food and clean drinking water.
The people in quake zones were grateful to the PLA men and the government.
Luckily, we can rebuild a better world.
The social workers were encouraging the children to cheer up.
There was delightful smile on the girl’s face again.
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】
在while-writing 階段,教師的主要任務(wù)是分解寫作任務(wù),創(chuàng)設(shè)寫作情景,提供必要的詞匯或句子結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的幫助。因?yàn)楸竟?jié)課的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于抗震救災(zāi)的,教師可以從網(wǎng)上下載一些汶川大地震的圖片,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所看到的內(nèi)容以及剛復(fù)習(xí)到的詞組給每幅圖片配上必要的文字說(shuō)明。這一部分相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單一些,只要學(xué)生注意每幅圖的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)就可以了。實(shí)際上這一部分的難度就相當(dāng)于中文翻譯成英文。接著要求學(xué)生身臨其境以各種身份寫一篇文章。他們的身份可以是災(zāi)區(qū)的受害者、記者、解放軍戰(zhàn)士、志愿者或前往救援的醫(yī)生、心理醫(yī)生或社會(huì)工作者等。這一部分相對(duì)前一部分來(lái)說(shuō)難一些,要求學(xué)生注意體裁的選擇,內(nèi)容的組織和安排以及語(yǔ)言的恰當(dāng)使用等問(wèn)題。把討論中和本節(jié)課中所復(fù)習(xí)的詞匯和知識(shí)要點(diǎn)運(yùn)用于寫作實(shí)踐,從而在充分的語(yǔ)言輸入后實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的輸出。
Step 4 Discuss & correct their articles
【設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明】
在Post-writing階段,教師應(yīng)先呈現(xiàn)習(xí)作的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分別從content/structure/language usage/ mechanical skills等幾方面進(jìn)行自我修正和評(píng)價(jià)。接著教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自我欣賞與相互欣賞,自我修正與相互修正,自我提高與相互提高。作品的第一鑒賞者和評(píng)價(jià)者應(yīng)該是作者本人,學(xué)生完成寫作后,教師應(yīng)要求自己讀一遍,在朗讀過(guò)程中找出習(xí)作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。在自我欣賞和修正之后,老師鼓勵(lì)同桌或?qū)W習(xí)小組成員之間相互欣賞與修正;最后請(qǐng)幾個(gè)同學(xué)到臺(tái)上展示自己的作品,或叫相對(duì)寫作水平較好的同學(xué)把他們的習(xí)作寫在黑板上,讓同學(xué)們一起修正,老師要注意從欣賞的角度來(lái)點(diǎn)評(píng)學(xué)生的習(xí)作,盡量避免叫基礎(chǔ)差的同學(xué),要照顧他們的自尊心。這樣做的話也可以給基礎(chǔ)較差同學(xué)提供范文。
【板書設(shè)計(jì)】
An Earthquake in Sichuan
survive the earthquake kill thousands of people feel a shaking through my body
look at each other in fear run in all directions
pieces of glass and bricks fall down begin to come down
be trapped in calm down shout/scream for help
stay alive be in a great hurry move away the bricks and stones
operate on the PLA men solider workers
give out food and clean drinking water volunteers/do some voluntary work
government officials support teams team spirit
be grateful to carry on with send donations to
without meals or sleep with tired bodies group themselves into a team of four
【教學(xué)反思】
這節(jié)課是在非常肅穆的氛圍下進(jìn)行的。這節(jié)課我首先相當(dāng)?shù)氖巧逃鋵?shí)它并不是一個(gè)陌生的話題。早在上世紀(jì)九十年代中期隨著素質(zhì)教育的概念的提出而被頻頻提起。但十余年的發(fā)展,并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)令人欣慰的結(jié)果。對(duì)生命的尊重是生命教育的基礎(chǔ),必要的危機(jī)意識(shí)、自護(hù)能力是生命教育的核心。教師應(yīng)抓住契機(jī)傳授一些災(zāi)難到來(lái)的一瞬間該如何應(yīng)對(duì)的基本技能。大地震后,關(guān)于國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人火速趕災(zāi)區(qū),救援部隊(duì)馳援,中國(guó)政府對(duì)災(zāi)難的公開(kāi)坦然,全國(guó)哀悼日所體現(xiàn)的人性關(guān)懷,無(wú)不激發(fā)起學(xué)生作為一個(gè)中國(guó)人的民族自豪感。在英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)過(guò)程中,老師應(yīng)努力滲透思想、道德、品格、情感、價(jià)值觀等,引入人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與文化、人與自我等方面的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)自然、社會(huì)、自我進(jìn)行深層次的反思,將英語(yǔ)教學(xué)從普通知識(shí)的教授提升到人文素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)。注重寓思想教育于英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中。這一節(jié)課讓學(xué)生體會(huì)到了生命的尊貴,人與人之間關(guān)系的純潔,讓學(xué)生體會(huì)到奉獻(xiàn)的快樂(lè)。
復(fù)習(xí)課的特點(diǎn)是容量大,所以要求老師對(duì)教材進(jìn)行有機(jī)的整和。復(fù)習(xí)不是簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械重復(fù),而是問(wèn)故知新的求知過(guò)程。它既是教師幫助學(xué)生彌補(bǔ)知識(shí)缺陷的一項(xiàng)重要的工作,又是幫助學(xué)生梳理知識(shí)、融會(huì)貫通的大好時(shí)機(jī)。教師既要善于激活學(xué)生已有的語(yǔ)言能力,又要對(duì)新舊知識(shí)進(jìn)行有機(jī)地串聯(lián)與整和,使學(xué)生每時(shí)每刻在課堂上使用所學(xué)的知識(shí)。書面表達(dá)是衡量學(xué)生語(yǔ)言輸出能力和運(yùn)用能力的主要手段,它既要學(xué)生使用正確的語(yǔ)法、確當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯、合理的結(jié)構(gòu),清楚、連貫地表達(dá)意思。教師要精心設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),使語(yǔ)言環(huán)境和背景知識(shí)有序合理地滲透在整個(gè)教學(xué)過(guò)程中,讓學(xué)生每時(shí)每刻都沉浸在語(yǔ)言的氛圍中。教師在處理語(yǔ)言知識(shí)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn),有重點(diǎn)、有層次地采用形式多樣的機(jī)械性的操練和意義性操練進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化和鞏固,為學(xué)生進(jìn)入、運(yùn)用、演繹所學(xué)語(yǔ)言并最終完成一篇習(xí)作設(shè)計(jì)合理遞進(jìn)的臺(tái)階。所以我在設(shè)計(jì)本教案時(shí)從復(fù)習(xí)詞組、短語(yǔ)開(kāi)始,接著看圖寫句子,最后再寫習(xí)作。在教學(xué)過(guò)程經(jīng)常會(huì)有一些無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)的教學(xué)因素和教學(xué)情景發(fā)生,教師要有效利用生成性教學(xué)資源。在上這節(jié)課時(shí),一同學(xué)說(shuō)想寫一份勸募信,由于沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)這部分內(nèi)容,所以我抓住機(jī)會(huì),教給他們寫勸募信的格式、語(yǔ)氣等。然后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論:這樣的信寫給誰(shuí)能收到更多的捐款?為什么?這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)可以拓展學(xué)生的寫信對(duì)象,既可以是國(guó)內(nèi)人士也可以是國(guó)外人士,既可以是團(tuán)體或組織。由于課堂上時(shí)間較緊,只能完成一個(gè)初稿,所以我臨時(shí)決定這節(jié)課的課后。
就是完成這封勸募信。這節(jié)課保證了老師在課堂上對(duì)學(xué)生的寫作過(guò)程進(jìn)行有效的監(jiān)督和指導(dǎo),復(fù)習(xí)、寫作、評(píng)改渾然一體,“發(fā)展學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力”真正落到了實(shí)處。
世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。筆者相信如果每個(gè)老師都能合理利用教材資源,細(xì)心地去設(shè)計(jì)每一節(jié)課,并持之以恒,學(xué)生的總體英文水平定能突飛猛進(jìn)。教學(xué)是一門藝術(shù),筆者希望本文是齊放的“百花”中的一朵,為我們的初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)添上一點(diǎn)“顏色”。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
1.許少秋 “高中課型課例交流與研究” 《中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)》 2008第5期
2. 石錫伍 “利用教材資源開(kāi)展寫作訓(xùn)練的策略” 《中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)》 2008第5期
中學(xué)一級(jí)