Module 8 Unit 3 Language points
Period 1 welcome to the unit
1. be around 存在，起作用，流行
Mobile phones have been around for some time. 手機(jī)已流行很長時(shí)間了。
There’s a lot of flu around at the moment. 這一陣子流行流感。
I'll be around if you should want me. 你如需要我，我就在附近。
have been around 還有走紅，閱歷豐富的意思
He’s been around a lot. 他諳熟世故。
Life often makes fun of those who haven’t been around. 生活常常捉弄涉世不深的人。
2. earn money =make money 掙錢
She's working hard to earn money. 她為了掙錢而努力工作。.
earn one's living 謀生
Period 2 Reading
Words and phrases：
1. talented adj. 有才能的，能干的
talented players/ youngsters 天才運(yùn)動(dòng)員/神童
talent n. 天資, 才能, 稟賦;
literary talent文學(xué)才能
special talent特殊才能
have a talent for n./doing = have a gift for對(duì)...有天賦
He has a talent for music. 他有音樂天賦。
[集合詞]人材, 有才干的人
He is a great talent. 他是一個(gè)偉大的天才。
There is a wealth of young talent in British literature. 英國文學(xué)年輕一代人才輩出。
2. architecture n. 建筑, 建筑學(xué)
She studies architecture in America. 他在美國學(xué)習(xí)建筑學(xué)。
architect 建筑師；設(shè)計(jì)師
An architect is a person who designs buildings.
3. amaze 使驚奇；使吃驚
Her knowledge amazes me. 她的學(xué)識(shí)令我吃驚。
be amazed to do / at (by) / that 對(duì)...大為驚奇
We were amazed to hear the news.
I was amazed at/by the news of George's sudden death.
聽到喬治突然去逝的消息,我感到驚愕。
I was amazed that he had made such rapid progress in English.
amazed / amazing adj.
4. represent vt. ①表現(xiàn)；描寫；描畫
This painting represents a storm. 這幅畫描繪暴風(fēng)雨。
②代表；象征; 代理；
A dove represents peace. 鴿子象征和平。
On this map what does a star represent? 這地圖上的星號(hào)代表什么？
We chose a committee to represent us. 我們選出一個(gè)委員會(huì)來代表我們。
③聲稱 represent + n +as/ to be
He represented himself as a philosopher. 他聲稱自己是哲學(xué)家。
representative n.代表； 代理人（與of連用） / adj.典型的, 有代表性的
a representative of a company 公司的代表
a representative collection of ancient Greek art 古希臘藝術(shù)代表作品集
5. historic adj. 有歷史意義的,有歷史影響的
【注意】
historic和 historical盡管在意義上有重疊的地方，但用法上有區(qū)別。
historic指歷史上有重要意義的，產(chǎn)生重要影響的：
a historic spot古跡
a historic event 歷史性事件
historical指不管重要與否而在過去存在的所有事物,和歷史有關(guān)，一般和知識(shí)有關(guān)
a historical novel 歷史小說
historical research 歷史研究
6. calculate vt. ①計(jì)算, 考慮, 計(jì)劃, 打算
calculate the cost of a journey 計(jì)算旅行費(fèi)用
You need to calculate hou much time the assignment will take.
你需要計(jì)算一下要花多少時(shí)間才能完成被分配的任務(wù)。
It is calculated that... 據(jù)計(jì)算..
It is calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year.
據(jù)計(jì)算，去年至少喪失了47000個(gè)工作。
②推測(cè), 預(yù)測(cè)
It is possible to calculate what influence he had on her life.
現(xiàn)在無法估計(jì)他對(duì)她的生活產(chǎn)生過多大的影響。
be calculated to do/for sth 為適合...而設(shè)計(jì)的; 適合于
This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.
這份廣告是為引起家庭主婦們的注意而設(shè)計(jì)的。
calculate on (upon) 指望著, 期待著
We can’t calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting.
我們不能指望著有好天氣開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
7. range vi. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變化, 變動(dòng) range from A to B/ range between A and B
Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars. 價(jià)格自五美元至十美元不等。
n. 行列, 范圍, 射程
in the range of 在... 范圍內(nèi); 在射程內(nèi) / out of [beyond] range 在射程外
a wide range of knowledge 廣博的知識(shí)
the annual range of temperature每年的溫度變化范圍
range over v. 涉及, 包括，射程范圍
The discussion ranged over various problem. 那次討論涉及到種種問題。
The gun ranges over five miles. 這次槍的射程可達(dá)五英里多。
8. float vt. /vi. 漂浮[流], 浮起; 飄動(dòng)
The ship was floated by the tide. 船被潮流沖走。
The boat floated down the river. 小船沿河漂流。
The smell of roses floated around. 玫瑰花的芳香在四周飄蕩。
9. weep vi. (wept, wept) 流淚; 哭泣（常與for, over連用）
weep for the dead 哀悼死者
She wept when she heard the bad news. 當(dāng)她聽到這個(gè)壞消息時(shí)哭了。
He wept over his sad fate. 他為他的悲慘命運(yùn)而哭泣。
10. scare vt ①恐嚇，驚嚇；使受驚；驚恐（常與of, to連用）
I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕這條大狗。
be scared to death 嚇得要死
②把…嚇跑（常與away, off, up連用）
The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把賊嚇跑了。
11. devote vt. 獻(xiàn)身；專心于…（與to連用）
devote …to…把...獻(xiàn)給; 把...專用于
He devoted his life to literature. 他專心致志于文學(xué)。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他為全人類的利益獻(xiàn)出了自己的一生。
devote oneself to 致力于, 獻(xiàn)身于; 專心于
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
退休后,他將要致力于園藝。
be devoted to 忠誠于…
Everybody knows that our director is very devoted to his wife.
從都知道我們的廠長對(duì)妻子十分忠誠。
12. distribute vt.分發(fā), 分配, 散布, 分布
distribute sth. to/among 把某物分[配, 發(fā)]給...
to distribute books to students 給學(xué)生發(fā)書
The firm distributed its profits among its workers. 公司將利潤分給工人。
distribute...over ... 把...配給到[分配到, 散布于]..
distribute seeds over a field 在田間播種
distribution n 分發(fā)，分配, 分布，散布
They couldn’t agree on the distribution of profits 他們對(duì)于利潤的分配意見不一致。
13. negotiate vi, vt 談判；協(xié)商；商談；達(dá)成協(xié)議（常與with連用）
The government will not negotiate with them. 政府不會(huì)和他們談判。
They negotiated a peace treaty. 他們通過談判達(dá)成和平協(xié)議。
negotiation n. 談判；協(xié)商；商談
carry on negotiation with sb. 與某人進(jìn)行談判
The issue is still under negotiation. 這個(gè)問題還在商討之中。
14. adore vt 崇拜；喜愛；愛慕
adore doing喜愛做某事
He adores the cinema. 他非常愛看電影。
She adores going to the volleyball match. 她非常喜歡看排球比賽。
15. abstract adj. 抽象的，理論上的, 深?yuàn)W的, 難以了解的
abstract noun 抽象名詞
Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文學(xué)是一門深?yuàn)W的學(xué)科。
16. subjective adj. 主觀的 反義詞是objective
man’s subjective initiative 人的主觀能動(dòng)性
Everyone’s opinion is bound to be subjective. 每個(gè)人的意見都必定是十分主觀的。
17. appetite n. 食欲, 欲望，嗜好
have an appetite for
She has an appetite for learning 她有求知欲(嗜好學(xué)習(xí))。
to lose one's appetite 食欲不振
He has a good / poor appetite. 他胃口很好/不好。
18. assistance n.協(xié)助, 援助, 補(bǔ)助
financial assistance 經(jīng)濟(jì)資助
Can I be of any assistance to you? 我能幫你什么忙嗎?
with the assistance of 在某人的幫助之下
come to sb.'s assistance 援助某人
give [render] assistance (to) 給以援助
assist v
assist sb with sth/ in doing sth/ to do
19. abandon vt 拋棄；舍棄；離棄
abandon one's home 離棄家園
He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.
他拋棄了妻子還帶走了兩人所有的錢。
abandoned himself to陷入，沉湎于…
He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自棄。
abandoned adj. 被遺棄的
an abandoned house 被遺棄的房子
20. start from scratch從頭做起, 白手起家
It was years since I’d learned any German, and I really had to start again from scratch.
我好多年沒學(xué)德語了，真的要重新從頭開始了。
Sentences：
1. （Line 7）I was amazed to learn that…just a painter.
我驚訝地得知，畢加索一生創(chuàng)作了兩萬多件藝術(shù)作品，而且他不僅是一位油畫家。
“that” 后面的整個(gè)句子做“l(fā)earn”的賓語，其中，第二個(gè)賓語從句中“that he wasn’t just a painter”中的引導(dǎo)詞“that”不可省。
2. （Line 16）In the Louver Museum is the … artist Leonardo da Vinci.
盧浮宮里有意大利畫家奧納多﹒達(dá)﹒芬奇著名的油畫《蒙娜﹒麗莎》。
本句是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語the famous Mona Lisa painting 放在謂語動(dòng)詞is 之后，在有些句子中，由于沒有賓語，而主語又比較長，可將主語放句末，將謂語放在主語前面，而將狀語或表語放句首，這是一種完全倒裝形式，不需要借助助動(dòng)詞，本句就是這種類型的句子。如：
At the top of the mountain stands a temple. 山上有座寺廟。
From the distance came occasional shots. 遠(yuǎn)處傳來零星的槍聲。
3. （Line 19）This painting is so valuable that … wanted to sell it.
這幅畫如此珍貴，如果博物館想賣了它，都很難為它估價(jià)。
①“so … that … ” 如此 … 以至于… 如對(duì)“so”后面的成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，放句首， “so”后面的從句要用部分倒裝，即把助動(dòng)詞提前。
②“that”后面的從句使用的是if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，表示與客觀事實(shí)相反的情況。
4. （Line 23）Besides the works of Da Vinci, … to the 19th century.
除了達(dá)﹒芬奇的作品，盧浮宮里還藏有其他歐洲畫家從13世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì)創(chuàng)作的六千余件作品。
① 復(fù)習(xí)一下“works”的用法
② “range from … to … ”意思是“從 … 到 … ”，“在 … 和 … 之間”
Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars. 價(jià)格自五美元至十美元不等。
5. （Line 44）The sad thing is that although … he died in 1890.
令人可悲的是：雖然凡﹒高把自己都奉獻(xiàn)給了繪畫，但在他1890年去世前他僅賣出了一幅畫。
① “devote … to … ”
② “that”后面的整個(gè)從句是is的表語，“that”引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語從句；其中，表語從句中又是一個(gè)“although”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Period 4 Grammar and usage
1. Having twisted her ankle, our tour guide had to be taken to the hospital.
twist n. 一扭, 扭曲 v. 擰,扭曲
twist one's ankle 扭傷了踝骨
The papers twisted everything I said. 報(bào)紙把我的話全都歪曲了。
2. reservation n. 保留; (旅館房間等)預(yù)定, 預(yù)約
make reservations定座, 定房間(等);
without reservation 毫不保留地
I’d like to call the restaurant and make a reservation. 我要給飯店打個(gè)電話預(yù)定座位。
Some members of the committee expressed reservations about the proposal.
委員會(huì)一些成員對(duì)這項(xiàng)提議持保留態(tài)度。
reserve v. 預(yù)定，預(yù)約，保留
I’ve reserved a room in the name of Jones. 我已經(jīng)以瓊斯的名字預(yù)定了一個(gè)房間。
These seats are reserved for special guests. 這些座位是留給貴賓的。
3. However, that hotel was booked full.
book v. 預(yù)定，預(yù)約
Book early to avoid disappointment. 及早預(yù)約，以免失望。
The performance is fully booked up. 這次演出的票全預(yù)定出去了。
4. a couple of 兩個(gè), 幾個(gè)
I have a couple of things to do. 我有幾件事要做。
5. hardly … when … “一 … 就 …”
通常when 前面的動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，后面的用過去時(shí)；
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我們剛開始就被叫停。
當(dāng)否定副詞hardly放在句首時(shí)，主句的主謂用倒裝語序，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有No sooner … than … ； Scarcely … when … 等，如：
Scarcely had we gone out when it began to snow. 我們剛一出來就下起雪來了。
No sooner had she reached the station than the train left. 她剛到車站火車就開走了。
Period 5 Task
1. considering prep.鑒于,考慮到,顧及
Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.
就他的年齡來說，這小孩讀得算挺好的。
You managed the project well, considering your inexperience.
考慮到你缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)你來說，這個(gè)方案你已處理得很好了。
2. bargain n ①廉價(jià)貨; 廉價(jià)買到的東西
This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price. 這件夾克衫這么便宜,真劃得來。
It's a real bargain. 真便宜。
②交易，合同交易，協(xié)議
make a bargain with sb （與某人）訂立合同
He made a bargain with his wife 'You take care of the children and I'll cook.'
他跟妻子講條件'你看好孩子,我做飯。'
vi講價(jià)；談條件
bargain with sb for/over/about sth 就 … 與 … 講價(jià)
bargain with sb. about/for/over the price 與某人討價(jià)還價(jià)
If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.
你講講價(jià),他們可能會(huì)把價(jià)錢降低。
3. admit vt. admitted; admitting ①承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)
He admitted his crime. 他招認(rèn)了罪行。
He never admits that he is wrong. 他從不承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。
John has admitted breaking the window. 約翰已承認(rèn)打碎了窗子。
②容納, 容許
The cinema admits about 2000 people. 這座電影院大約可坐 2000 人。
His illness admits of no delay. 他的病不容拖延。
The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.
這些規(guī)章制度不容許有其他解釋。
③許可進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入
This ticket admits two people to the football match.
這張票可供兩人入場(chǎng)看足球賽。
admit sb. into the university 獲準(zhǔn)入大學(xué)
4. reflect vt, vi ①反射，表達(dá)；反映
A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it.
當(dāng)你照鏡子時(shí)，鏡子映出你的形象。
Does this letter reflect how you really think? 這封信是否表達(dá)了你真實(shí)的想法？
②仔細(xì)考慮（常與on, upon連用）
He reflected before answering my question.
他在回答我的問題之前仔細(xì)考慮了一下。
He has to reflect on what to answer。他得考慮如何答復(fù)。
5. collection n收藏品，收集物；募捐
a large collection of stamps 大量的郵票收藏
The total collection of last week amounted ﹩250. 上周的捐款總額達(dá)250美元。
6. go back to v. 回去；重新開始；重操舊業(yè)（to是介詞）
She’s decided to go back to teaching. 她已經(jīng)決定重新執(zhí)教。
7. present vt. ①贈(zèng)送, 給予; 呈獻(xiàn)
present a book to sb. (= present sb. with a book) 送給某人一本書
②提出; 交出
present reasons 提出理由
You must present your passport to the customs officer. 你必須把護(hù)照交給海關(guān)人員。
③介紹, 引見
Allow me to present Mr Black to you. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向您介紹布萊克先生
Period 6 Project
1. be made (out )of由…制成 /make sth. out of
The box is made out of cedar wood. 這盒子是用杉木做的。
He made a model plane out of wood. 他用木頭做了一架模型飛機(jī)。
make out of... 與 make of ...的意思相同。make out of 常用于口語
They make bottles out of glass. 他們用玻璃做瓶
be made from由……制造(與 from 連用，from 后接的名詞側(cè)重指加工，(原樣起化學(xué)變化)。
These wines are made from grapes. 這幾種酒都是葡萄釀造的。
Bread is made from flour. 面包是由面粉加工而成的。
make sth. into 把……做成……
They make glass into bottles. 他們把玻璃制成瓶。
We made the material into a skirt. 我們把那塊料子做成一條短裙。
2. serve as 可當(dāng)……用；產(chǎn)生……效果
The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two. 沙發(fā)可以當(dāng)成床湊合一兩夜。
The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.
法官說這種懲罰將起到警示他人的作用。
3. cut up①切碎 ②使受苦
His mother has to cut up all the food for him.
他的媽媽不得不為他將所有的食物切碎。
Jean was really cut up when her husband left her. 在丈夫拋棄她之后，簡痛苦極了。
cut out (of) 剪除；切掉；割掉
to cut out a dress 裁剪衣服
I cut the advertisement out of the newspaper. 我從報(bào)紙上剪下這則廣告。
4. lay vt, vi laid, laying ① 放，置
Lay it on the table. 把它放在桌上。
Don't lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。
②擺放好
to lay the table 擺好餐桌（擺好餐具）
Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請(qǐng)你擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備吃飯好嗎?
③產(chǎn)，下（蛋）
The hen laid three eggs. 母雞下了三個(gè)蛋。
注意：區(qū)別lie和lay的不同點(diǎn)
5. disgusting adj.令人厭惡的
The dirty street was disgusting.
disgust n. 作嘔, 憎惡, 反感/vt. 使厭惡, 令人作嘔
to one's disgust 可厭的是; 令人作嘔的是
The food disgusted me. 這食物使我感到惡心。
His behavior disgusted everybody. 他的行為遭到眾人的唾棄。
6. stick vt. vi. stuck, stuck ①粘貼, 張貼
stick a stamp on a letter 把郵票貼在信上
②阻塞, 卡住, 陷在...里
The bus was stuck in the mud. 公共汽車陷在泥里動(dòng)不了了。
stick to 遵守，堅(jiān)持
stick to a post 堅(jiān)守崗位
stick to one's words遵守諾言
7. dip vt, vi -pp- ①蘸；浸
She dipped her hand in the sea to find out how cold it was.
她把手放入海水中看看它有多涼。
②下降，下落
The sun dipped below the western sea. 太陽沉落在西方大海里。
（與into連用）翻閱，瀏覽；提�。ù婵睿�，掏錢包
I haven’t read the report properly. I’ve only dipped into it.
我還沒有好好閱讀這份報(bào)告，我只是瀏覽一下。
She dipped into her pocket for money. 她在錢包里掏錢。
8. have a go at 試一試，嘗試做，其中g(shù)o是可數(shù)名詞
---I can’t open the jar. 我打不開這個(gè)罐子。
---Let me have a go. 讓我來試試/