Module8 unit2
Reading 中知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. universal adj 普遍的，共通的，公認(rèn)的，宇宙的。
War causes universal misery. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成了普遍的痛苦。
Television provides universal entertainment。 電視提供了大眾娛樂。
a universal rule 普遍適用的規(guī)則。
2.star. vt. star (in sth) be a star ( in a play, film, etc.)在（戲劇，電影中）擔(dān)任主角，主演
She is to star in a new film .她將主演一部新影片。
star sb. (in sth) present sb. As a star, feature sb.使某人擔(dān)任主演，由某人主演。
My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe.
我最喜歡的電影由瑪麗夢(mèng)露主演。
The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film.
這位導(dǎo)演想讓麥克爾。凱恩主演他的新片子。
stardom n.明星或主演的地位，身份。
3.cast vt. (pt ,pp. cast) give (an actor ) a part in a play由……主演，使……成為明星，由……擔(dān)任主角
cast sb.(as sb) , cast sb. (in sth)
He was cast as Othello/ in the role of Othello.
他將被選派擔(dān)任奧賽羅這一角色。
4.outdoor adj [attr 作定語]of used in, done in or existing in the open air(outside a building or a house) 戶外的，戶外用的，露天的
outdoor activities 戶外活動(dòng)
outdoor clothing 戶外穿的衣服
outdoor sport 戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)
outdoors adv.在戶外 ，在露天，在外面
Indoor adj. Indoors adv.
5.be drunk with 醉心于……，沉溺于…… 由于…… 而忘乎所以
It’s reported that many middle school students are drunk with playing computer games.
The young couple were drunk with their happy and peaceful life.
6.dare vi (with or without to)，1)（用或不用 to,）敢于，敢 膽敢。
He didn’t dare (to) go
I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.
I’ve never dared (to ) ask him
2) Take the risk of, face。 敢冒（危險(xiǎn)）：面對(duì)；不懼
He will dare any danger. 他敢冒任何危險(xiǎn)。
3）dare sb (to do sth.) challenge; suggest that sb has not the courage or ability to do sth. 挑激，暗示某人無勇氣或能力做某事。
I dare you to say that again! 我諒你也不敢再說這樣的話。
He dares me to jump from the bridge into the river.他激將我從橋上跳到河里。
daring n冒險(xiǎn)精神，勇氣，勇敢
lose one’s daring 失去勇氣
adj. brave.勇敢的。膽大的
a daring robbery.膽大的搶劫
What a daring thing to do!這真是件有膽量的人做的事。
7.exercise. vt. employ, make use of 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用
exercise control over.對(duì) …..實(shí)施.控制 ，控制
exercise patience 運(yùn)用耐心
exercise authority over sb 對(duì).……使用權(quán)威
exercise one’s rights行使權(quán) 利
8.break one’s promise 食言， 收回承諾。
keep one’s promise遵守諾言。
9.recite vt背誦，朗誦；敘述，描述，列舉，一一說出。
He recited his poem in front of the whole class.
他當(dāng)著全班的面背誦了他自己的一首詩(shī)。
The mayo recited to the Queen a long and tedious speech of welcome
市長(zhǎng)向女王背誦了一篇又長(zhǎng)又臭的歡迎詞。
recite one’s grievances 描述某人的苦難。
recite the names of all the capital cities of Europe
列舉歐洲各國(guó)的首都的名字
10.terrify vt .(pt,pp terrified)fill with fear.使恐怖，使驚恐。
The child was terrified of being left alone in the house.
那孩子因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)人在家而感到害怕。
She was terrified out of her wits.
她嚇的魂不附體
What a terrifying experience!
多可怕的一次經(jīng)歷！
terrifying adj terrified adj
11.torture vt.＆n cause severe suffering to 使受劇烈痛苦，折磨。
Many of the prisoners have been tortured.
許多囚犯都被刑訊逼供過。
Don’t torture yourself by thinking those unpleasant things.
別再想那些不愉快的事情來折磨你自己了。
torture a man to make him confess sth.
拷打一個(gè)人使其招供
Recently he was tortured with great anxiety.
最近他為煩惱所苦。
torture n.拷打，拷問，酷刑逼供；（精神或肉體上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦
The confession was made under torture.
這份供詞是嚴(yán)刑逼供得來的。
A whole day without chocolate must be torture for you。
一整天沒有巧克力吃肯定讓你難受。
12.stage. vt put on the stage, put before the public.
To stage ‘Hamlet’
上演‘哈姆雷特’
This drama was well/badly staged
這劇本適合/不適合上演。
The group of students staged a drama written by themselves.
這群學(xué)生把自己寫的戲劇搬上了舞臺(tái)。
13.condemn vt 1）say that sb is ,or has done, wrong or that sth is wrong, faulty of unfit for use 責(zé)備，責(zé)難，譴責(zé) 指摘，指…..為不當(dāng)
condemn sb for sth
We all condemn cruelty to children
我們都一致譴責(zé)虐待兒童。
Everyone condemned his foolish behaviour.
每個(gè)人都責(zé)備他愚蠢的行為。
The newspapers condemned the Prime minister for his attitude toward the event.各報(bào)紙因?yàn)槭紫鄬?duì)此事的態(tài)度而責(zé)難他。
2）(legal) give judgement against condemn sb (to) （法律）判罪；處刑
condemn a murder to life imprisonment.
判兇手無期徒刑
be condemned to death被處死
Sentences and phrases in the text.
1. line 5 He likes East Asia very much and also wrote Madam Butterfly, which is set in Japan.
他非常喜歡東亞，還創(chuàng)作了以日本為背景的《蝴蝶夫人》。
be set in 以……為背景.
The story was set in Britain of the 19th century.
這個(gè)故事以19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)為背景。
2．Line10. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City – there could not be a better setting.
想想在紫禁城里上演這部戲劇吧----- 不可能有比這更好的場(chǎng)景了！
1) imagine doing sth.想象做……
2) there could not be a better setting. 不可能有比這更好的場(chǎng)景了！
Eg. I could not agree more. 我非常同意你。
You could not find a better friend than him.你不能找到一個(gè)比他更好的朋友了。（他是你能找到的最好的朋友）
3.line27 Turandot is desperate to learn his name and threatens and terrifies liu because she knows his name.
圖蘭朵不顧一切的想知道卡拉夫的名字，她威脅恐嚇柳兒，因?yàn)榱鴥褐揽ɡ虻拿帧?/p>
be desperate to do不顧一切的做…… be dying/hungry/thirsty to do .
4.line31. Then Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands.
然后卡拉夫大聲的說出了自己的名字，把自己的未來托付給圖蘭朵的手上。
leave sth in one’s hands把……托付到某人的手上。
Eg. We should leave our happiness in someone else’s hands.
5 line39 the production combined the very best of Western and Chinese talents in music ,tagging and directing.
這次演出結(jié)合了中西方最優(yōu)秀的音樂，演藝及導(dǎo)演人才。
Combine the very best of A ,B,and C 結(jié)合了A,B,C的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
6.line47. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story.
但是，在這次精彩的演出中，它變成了一個(gè)美麗而令人心碎的故事的發(fā)生地。
transform sth (into sth) change the shape ,appearance, quality or nature of
eg. Success and wealth transformed his character
a caterpillar(毛蟲) is transformed into a butterfly
Grammar 中知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1．Privilege n. 特別待遇，特權(quán)
Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
教育應(yīng)當(dāng)是全民的權(quán)利，而是某部分人特別享有的。
You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
你可以享有俱樂部成員的一切福利和優(yōu)惠。
privileged adj. 有特權(quán)的，受特別優(yōu)待的
Those in authority were in a privileged position.
有地位自有特權(quán)。
She comes from a privileged background.
她出身特權(quán)階層。
2． desire n./vi./ vt. 愿望；渴望；欲望
n. a strong desire for power. 強(qiáng)烈的權(quán)利欲
Enough money to satisfy all your desires足夠的錢來滿足你所有的欲望。
She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.
have desire to do 渴望做某事
v. We all desire health and happiness.
The house had everything you could desire.要什么有什么。
3．hire vt. 雇傭，租用，出租
The young couple hired a wedding dress.
hire a car/room/video /a lawyer/consultant …聘請(qǐng)律師/顧問
She was hired three years ago. 她是三年前錄用的。
He does the hiring and firing in our company.
他在我們負(fù)責(zé)員工的辭退的錄用。
4.performer n表演者
Performance n. 表演，演出
The performance starts at seven.
an evening performance 晚場(chǎng)演出
Perform v.做，執(zhí)行，履行； 演出
To perform an experiment/ a miracle/ a ceremony
做實(shí)驗(yàn)/創(chuàng)奇跡/舉行儀式
I’d like to hear it performed live. 我希望聽現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演出。
Perform magic tricks 表演魔術(shù)
The play was first performed in 1987.
5. personnel n. 人員/員工
（1）（組織或軍隊(duì)中）全體人員，職員
Skilled /trained personnel 熟練的/訓(xùn)練有素的人員
Sales/technical/medical/security personnel 推銷/技術(shù)/醫(yī)務(wù)/保安人員
Army/military personnel 陸軍/軍事人員
（2）人事部門 the personnel department / manager 人事部門/人事經(jīng)理
She works in lersonnel.她在人事部工作。
Personal adj. 個(gè)人的，私人的，本人的
personal belongings 私人財(cái)產(chǎn)
6．Tremble vi./n. 顫抖，發(fā)抖 tremble with anger 氣得發(fā)抖
v. My legs were trembling with fear.
Her voice trembled with excitement.
He opened the letter with excitement.
n. There was a tremble in his voice.
A tremble of excitement / fear
7. apply for 申請(qǐng)
Apply for a scholarship /visa 申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金/護(hù)照
Apply a theory to practice
Apply oneself to…致力于
Task 中知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1． Status n. 地位；身份；情形，狀態(tài)
Legal status 合法地位
Low status jobs 地位低下的工作
To leave a high social status 擁有很高的社會(huì)地位
Women are only asking to be given equal status with men.
婦女只是追求得到和男人平等的地位。
2． composer n.創(chuàng)作者，作曲家(尤指古典音樂)
compose v.(1) 組成，構(gòu)成（一個(gè)整體）
Ten men composed the committee. 委員會(huì)由十人組成
（2）作曲，創(chuàng)作（音樂）
Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.
莫扎特在創(chuàng)作出他最后一部歌劇后不久便去世了。
3． bachelor n.單身漢；學(xué)士學(xué)位
a bachelor’s /master’s/doctor’s degree
a Bachelor of Arts/Engineering/Science 文學(xué)士/工程學(xué)士/理學(xué)士
4． fame 名聲，名譽(yù)，名氣
to win/achieve instant fane 立即贏得名聲
fame and fortune 名利
project中知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. essential adj.
(1) 本質(zhì)的，實(shí)質(zhì)的
The essential difference between us is that I take life seriously.
(2) 基本的；必需的
essential services such as shops and buses. 諸如商店，公交車之類的基本服務(wù)
essential vitamins/minerals/nutrients 身體健康所必需的維生素/礦物質(zhì)/營(yíng)養(yǎng)
Light is essential for the healthy development of plants.
光對(duì)于植物的健康成長(zhǎng)是必不可少的。
2.decline n./vi.衰弱；衰敗
v. Support for the party continues to decline.
Decline steadily/ sharply/ rapidly/dramatically 穩(wěn)步下降/迅速下降
n. a rapid/sharp/gradual/steep/dramatic decline
迅速/急劇/逐漸下降
An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.
3.trend n. 傾向，趨勢(shì)，潮流
Economic/ social/political trends 經(jīng)濟(jì)/社會(huì)/政治趨勢(shì)
We’ve seen a trend towards more violent films this year.
我們看到今年有更加暴力的方向發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。
The latest trends in popular music. 流行音樂的最新趨勢(shì)
4.discrimination n.
sexual /age/racial discrimination 性別、年齡、種族歧視
discrimination against women 對(duì)女性的歧視
4.promoter
He is an enthusiastic promoter of good causes.
他是公益活動(dòng)的熱心推廣者。
Promote v.提升，晉級(jí)；促進(jìn)，推廣，促銷
The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.
這個(gè)樂隊(duì)開始巡回宣傳他們的新唱片。
Promotion n.提升，提拔
Her job is mainly concerned with sales and promotion.
她的工作主要是營(yíng)銷和廣告宣傳方面。
5.make a fortune 發(fā)財(cái)，賺錢
He made a fortune in real astate.
他在房地產(chǎn)上發(fā)了財(cái)。
On one’s way to fame and fortune 名利雙收的路上
He made a considerable fortune by selling waste materials.
他靠賣廢料發(fā)了財(cái)。
inherit a large fortune 繼承一大筆財(cái)產(chǎn)
seek one’s fortune尋出路（喻）去淘金
try one’s fortune碰運(yùn)氣
fortune teller占卜者，算命者
6. prayer n. 祈禱，祈求，愿望
He was a firm believer in the power of prayer.
他對(duì)祈禱的力量 信無疑
He arrived, as if in answer to her prayers.
他終于來了，好像他的禱告很靈驗(yàn)。
Evening/morning/daily prayers 早晚每日禱告
A prayer for rain/successs/forgiveness
祈雨、祈求成功、寬恕
Pray for They prayed for peace.
Pray to God to do He prayed to God to save him.
7.cut short
cut sb. short 打斷某人說話
It’s bad manners to cut someone short in a conversation.
Cut sth short I’m sorry we had to cut our visit short.
很遺憾，我們不得不縮短訪問時(shí)間。
Cut down 砍倒，奪去
Cut up 切掉，切斷，斷絕
Cut off刪除
8.be drafted into 征召…入伍
He was drafted into the army in 1982.
draft vt. 起草，草擬；征召…入伍
n.草稿
The government’s first task was to a new constitution for the country.
first/final draft 初稿、終稿
I showed David a draft of the letter.
他給大衛(wèi)看了信的草稿。
9.regain
You should soon regained your appetite.你不久又會(huì)恢復(fù)食欲。
After losing the second set, Fowler regained his confidence and won the third set.輸?shù)舻? 輪后，fowler又重拾信心，贏得了第3輪。
Regain consciousness 恢復(fù)知覺
10．Appeal n.(1)吸引力，感染力
Mass/wide/popular appeal 對(duì)大眾的/廣泛的/普遍的感染力
The Beatles have never really lost their appeal.
The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me.
（2）呼吁，訴請(qǐng)
To launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity
通過電視呼吁為該慈善事業(yè)捐款
v. The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
設(shè)計(jì)要雅俗共賞，老幼皆宜。
Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
警方呼吁證人要挺身而出。
11．Break up 解散，解體，分手
The meeting broke up at 11 o’clock.
Their marriage has broken up .(結(jié)束，破裂)
The ship broke up on the rocks 船觸礁撞碎了。（粉碎，破裂）
Break down 出毛病/拋錨
Break into 突然闖入
Break out （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，火災(zāi)等）發(fā)生，爆發(fā)
Break out of 擺脫束縛
12.phenomenon n. 現(xiàn)象 phenomena (復(fù)數(shù))
Cultural/natural/social/phenomena
文化/自然/社會(huì)現(xiàn)象
Terrorism is a phenomenon of the 20th century.
恐怖主義是20世紀(jì)的現(xiàn)象。
13． Mental
Mental health/illness/problems
Mental age 智力年齡/心理年齡
Mental disorder/hospital 精神紊亂/精神病院
She was suffering from physical and mental exhausitions.
她當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)是筋疲力盡。