Unit 1 Friendship
Part one useful words
1. add
1) 增加，附加
2) 加，加起來
3) 補(bǔ)充說，又說
【典型例句】
1） Add more hot water , please.
2） If you add 4 to 3 you get 7
3） I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.
4） These numbers add up to 100.
【類比延伸】
1）n. addition 增加，附加物
2) n. adder 加法器
【拓展】
1) add to = increase
2) add … to.. 把。。。加到。。
3) add up 加起來
4) add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)， 加起來總和是。。。
例如：
The bad weather only add to our difficult.
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1) there have been several new events _______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. ( 2006年北京)
A. add B. too add
C. adding D. added
2) The heavy snow _____ our difficulty with the project.
A. added up to B. added
C. added up D. added to
3) Please ______ the numbers and I’m sure they will ______ more than 1000.
A. add up ; add B. add up ; add up
C. add up; add up to D. add; add up
2. ignore
1）不理睬，忽視；
2） ＝take notice of 強(qiáng)調(diào)裝不知道或沒有看到
【典型例句】
1） I tried to tell her but she ignored me.
2） Ignore the child if he misbehaves, and he’ll soon stop.
【拓展】
1） adj. ignorant （常和of, in 連用） 無知識(shí)的， 不知道的。 強(qiáng)調(diào)“不懂，不知”
He is ignorant of Latin
2) n. ignorance 無知愚昧
ignorance of the law is no excuse 不懂法律不能成為借口
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） ― My children are always arguing.
--- ____________.
A. Just ignore them B. That’s right
C. Are you sure D. How old is the boy
* 用ignore的適當(dāng)形式填空
2）He ________ the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking.
3) I was ______ that the boss could be so strict.
4) his failure resulted from his ______________.
3．cheat
1). V (常和into , of 連用)騙取，欺詐，作弊；逃脫，免于
2) 騙子（尤其是游戲或比賽中的）作弊者； 欺騙手段
【典型例句】
1） George cheated me but I’ll get even with him one day!
2） He always cheats at chards ; I never play with him.
3） He didn’t play the game fairly --- he cheated.
4） The swimmers cheated death in spite of the storm.
【拓展】
cheat sb. . of sth.
demand sb. . of sth.
cure sb. . of sth.
rob sb. . of sth.
fool sb. . of sth.
inform sb. . of sth.
warn sb. of sth.
accuse sb. of sth.
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1) Any who is caught ___ shall not pass the exam.
A. to cheat B. cheating
C. to be cheating D. cheated
2) All her money was ____ on her way home
A. cheated B. robbed C. stolen D. lose
* 完成句子
3） 這家銀行昨晚被搶劫了很多現(xiàn)金。
The bank _______ _______ ________ a lot pof money last night.
4) 這個(gè)賊從這家商店偷了很多昂貴的畫。
The thief ______ many expensive pictures ______ the shop.
5.) 他因拒捕而受到控告。
He was ______ ______ resisting arrest.
6) 請(qǐng)通知學(xué)生們演講的日前。
Please _______ the students ______ the date of speech.
7)醫(yī)生們成功地救治了他的非典疾病。
The doctors _______ him ______ his SARS successfully.
4. reason
1) n.原因， 理由， 動(dòng)機(jī)
2）n. 理智，道理。判斷力
【典型例句】
1) The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
2) The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle.
3) There are reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and action of youth.
對(duì)年輕人的思想情感和行動(dòng)發(fā)生這樣巨大的興趣，自有它的道理。
3） There’s a great deal of reason in his advice.
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） The reason _____ he was late was _____ his car had broken down on the way.
A. why; because B. that; because
C. that; for D. why; that
2) This is the very reason _____ he explained to me just now.
A. why B. that C. for which D. of
3) He didn’t turn up at the party ______ some reason.
A. for B. because C. because of D. on
4) His failure was ______ his laziness.
A. because B. because of C. as a result D. the reason for
【拓展】
adj. reasonable ①合理的 ； 通情達(dá)理的；
You must really be reasonable, and prepared to cooperate.
② 適當(dāng)?shù)�；不高的（價(jià)錢）
Ten pounds for a good dictionary seems reasonable enough.
【類比延伸】
1） reason 決定做一件事或采取某種行動(dòng)的理由； 解釋或原諒某個(gè)行為的理由。
2） cause 產(chǎn)生某事結(jié)果的起因，動(dòng)機(jī)，理由
3） excuse 托詞，借口； 指為某行為而作的解釋，可能是真的，也可是藉口
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
用reason, cause, excuse, reasonable填空
5) what he said at the meeting was very _______ and nobody was against him
6) You shouldn’t find any ____ for your laziness.
7) Who knows the ___ for his being late?
8) The police had found out the ______ of the big fire in the centre of the city.
5. share
1） n. (屬于或由某人做的)部分， 一份， 股份，股票
2）v. （常與in連用） 共用， 分?jǐn)�，共�?/p>
【典型例句】
1) We gave each of the five children an equal share.
2) they sell share in companies at the stock exchange.
3) they shared the sweets
4) they share their joys and sorrows
【拓展】
1) share sth. with sb. 與某人共用某物
2) bear / take one’s share of 負(fù)擔(dān)。。。的部分
【過關(guān)聯(lián)系】
1） Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare, you must learn to ______ (2002年全國)
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
2) It rained heavily. And it was very kind of him to ____ his umbrella with me.
A. use B. share C. take D. bring
Part Two Phrase
1. be concerned about
對(duì)。。。關(guān)心，掛念， 關(guān)注某事
【典型例句】
1) The government should be concerned about unemployment.
2) we are rather concerned about father’s health.
【拓展】
concern oneself with /in … 從事/參與某事
concern oneself about / for… 擔(dān)憂/關(guān)心。。。
as far as….. be concerned 就。。。而言
as concerns 關(guān)于
feel/ show concern about /for… 擔(dān)心、關(guān)心、 掛念。。。
one’s concern 某人關(guān)心的事
be concerned with 與。。。有關(guān)
concerned adj. 有關(guān)的， 擔(dān)心的
concernedly adv. 擔(dān)憂的
concerning prep. 有關(guān)， 關(guān)于
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） __________ that he was no qualifications in business management , Ken plans to grasp the necessary skills by taking a part time course.
A. Concerning B. Concerned
C. Being concerned D. to concern
2) ____________ English is concerned , he is first in our class.
A. As B. As soon as C. As far as D. Now that
2． go through
1） 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受 2) 磨穿某物 3）仔細(xì)檢查 4）順利完成
【典型例句】
He is considering all that he has gone through.
They went through our luggage at the customs.
How long will it take you to go through the book?
【拓展】
go about ＝ set out to do sth. 著手干某事
go against 反對(duì)， 違背
go by 經(jīng)過
go over 檢查
go on with sth, 繼續(xù)
go on to do sth.
go on doing sth.
go without sth. 沒有某事也行
go wrong 出毛病
go away / out 出去，離開
go after sb./ sth. 追求某人
go mad
go ahead.
go in for.. 參加（考試或比賽）；
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） It’s ten years since the scientist _______ his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. set out B. took off C. turned up D. went about
2) The early pioneers had to ______ many difficulties to settle on the new land.
A. go back on B. go through
C. go into D. go along with
3) I can’t ______ the letter in an hour
A. pass through B. go through C. take through D. come across
4) You have no idea what I’ve had to ______ during the last few months.
A. come through B. go through C. cut through D. look through
5) I don’t ______ rock’ “ n” roll. It’s much too noisy for my tastes. ( 2004年北京)
A．go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for
3． join in
參加某項(xiàng)（正在進(jìn)行的）活動(dòng)， 尤其指娛樂性活動(dòng)，常代替take part in,
【典型例句】
They came out for their morning exercises, I also joined in
why didn’t Jim join in the conversation?
【類比延伸】
1） attend是正式用語，指參加會(huì)議或儀式、婚禮、典禮，聽報(bào)告等
2） join指加入某個(gè)組織、團(tuán)體，成為其成員之一。如 參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨等
3） join in表示“參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)”， 如游戲、討論、散步
4） take part in 指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)或會(huì)議，強(qiáng)調(diào)參加者的積極態(tài)度，并在活動(dòng)中起作用
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） Will you _____ us in the discussion about the students burden of studies?
A. attend B. join in C. take part in D. join
2) When did you ______ the physical training team?
A. join B. take part C. attend D. join in
3) A student began to sing a song , and soon someone else __________.
A. joined B. joined in C. took part in D. took
4) Did John _____ the general cleaning yesterday afternoon?
A. join B. attend C. take D. take part in
part three “ structure
1. while walking the dog , you were careless and got loose and was hit by a car.
【句型概括】
while walking the dog作狀語，相當(dāng)于while you were walking the dog
【拓展】
狀語從句的省略：
when, while , as , if , though, where, unless等連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句中， 如果謂語動(dòng)詞有be， 而主語又跟主句的主語相同或成為it時(shí)， 則從句的主語和be常常省略。
【經(jīng)典例句】
When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.
while ( I was) waiting, I read newspaper.
He looks as if ( he were) drunk.
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1.) When ____ help, one often says “thank you” or “ It’s kind of you”. (2005福建)
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
2.)_________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
(2004湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
3.) while watching television , __________ (2005年全國2)
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
4.) when ______ different cultures , we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. ( 2006年浙江)
A Compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
2. … but your friend can’t go until he / she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
【句型概況】
not …. until… 結(jié)構(gòu)。 until/ till在肯定句中表示動(dòng)作的終點(diǎn)，在否定句中則表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)。until/ till與肯定的主句連用時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，與否定的主句連用時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞則為瞬間動(dòng)詞。
【典型例句】
I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.
Wait until the rain stops
【類比延伸】
1） not until 放在句首時(shí)必須用部分倒裝語序
2） until/till時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1．Simon thought his computer was broken _____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on .( 2005北京春季)
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
2. We were told that we should follow the main road ________ we reached the central railway station. ( 2004遼寧)
A whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
3.She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered.
【句型概況】
before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 before con. 用以表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的時(shí)間,，譯法靈活。
注意以下句型:
it will be +時(shí)間段＋before……. 得過多久才。。。。
It won’t be +時(shí)間段＋before…. 用不了多久就。。。
It was時(shí)間段＋before…. 過了多久之后才。。。
It wasn’t long before…… 沒過多久就。。。
【類比延伸】
1） It will be+ 時(shí)間段＋before 從句 （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來） 要過多久才。。。
2）It is / has been + 時(shí)間段＋since從句 （從句常用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
3) It is + 時(shí)間狀語＋ that….. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
4）It was +時(shí)刻+when從句 當(dāng)。。。時(shí)，是。。。時(shí)間了。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1. – Did Jack come back early last night?
-- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock _______ he arrived home.
A. before B. when C. that D. until
2. – Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
-- He rushed out of the room ______i could say a word . ( 2006四川)
A. before B. until C. when D. after
3. The American civil war lasted four years _________ the North won in the end. (2005廣東)
A. After B. before C. when D. then