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《語法概說和語法分析方法》練習(浙教版九年級選修)

發(fā)布時間:2016-7-9 編輯:互聯(lián)網 手機版

 《現(xiàn)代漢語》Ⅱ練習(一)

[語法概說和語法分析方法]

年級        專業(yè)             班級        姓名          學號                          

一、名詞解釋

   1.語    法:                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

   2.語法的遞歸:                                                  

                                                                

                                                                

   3.語法單位:                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

   4.直接成分:                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

   5.表里驗證:                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

   6.語值辨察:                                                    

                                                                

                                                                

    

二、簡述題

  1. 舉例說明語法的一般特征。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

   2.試將現(xiàn)代漢語和現(xiàn)代英語進行比較分析,舉例說明現(xiàn)代漢語語法的特點。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

  3. 什么是描寫語法學?舉例說明美國描寫語法學的主要語法分析方法。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

三、論述題

   1.請分別用句子成分分析法和直接成分分析法分析下列句子,并比較這兩種方法的優(yōu)缺點。

      這張照片放大了一點兒。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

   2.下列四組句子中的動詞有什么區(qū)別?試分析這些動詞在語義特征上的差別,并歸納出相應的動詞句型。

  [A]他死了三天了。/新中國成立五十多年了。/我的存折丟了兩天了。

  [B]他等了三天了。/她哭了大半天了。/她病了半年多了。

  [C]書看了三天了。/這個工作我干了十多年了。/這個項目他們研究了五年了。

  [D]那個燈籠掛了三天了。/這朵花她戴了一天多了。/這條領帶他系了大半天了。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

   3.什么是語法現(xiàn)象的動態(tài)分析?請對下列句子進行表里驗證,概括出這類語法現(xiàn)象的結構特點,并分析其語用價值。

  (1)趙多多今天大宴賓客,書記、主任地請來了好些個頭面人物。

  (2)成年累月上海、廣州、深圳地跑,沒有甜頭他會干?

  (3)誰不知道你有能耐?何必天天軍長、政委地掛在嘴上?

  (4)那會兒小天女滿院子地跑,“叔叔”、“叔叔”地叫個不! 

  (5)他天天燒雞烤鴨地吃,哪象你!

  (6)我天天白菜蘿卜地吃,哪象你!

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

   4.什么是歧義句?利用下列語言材料進行歧義分解,并概括出現(xiàn)代漢語歧義句的類型。

①我想起來了。                       ②我在屋頂上發(fā)現(xiàn)了他。

③開刀的是他的父親。                 ④他原來住在這里!

⑤貿易部已向華北東北調撥物資。       ⑥白吃了一頓飯。

⑦進口機電產品。                     ⑧我們三個一組。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

    5.根據下面的語言材料,并補充一些例句,進行縱橫比較,分析現(xiàn)代漢語中“們”的性質及其語法特點。

①我們跟他也沒話說,就聽他吹……                  ②得好處的還不是您駕們當東家的。

③Ade,我的蟋蟀們!Ade,我的覆盆子們和木蓮們。  ④王從周來到的時候,香蘭們已經吃過施舍的粥。

⑤各位叔叔哥哥們都吃了飯了。                       ⑥只見鳳姐兒在門前站著,看著十來個小廝們搬花盆。

⑦清河縣里有幾個奸詐的浮浪子弟們,都來他家里  。⑧各位代表先生們,各位同志們……

⑨向所有……文藝家們表示崇高的敬意。              ⑩他籠絡著一群他所認為可以做嘍羅的大夫們。

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

                                                                

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