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梁實秋《養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣》英譯
大家平常有在看書嗎?那么散文類型的書,你知道英譯是什么樣子的嗎?接下來, 小編給大家準(zhǔn)備了梁實秋《養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣》英譯,歡迎大家參考與借鑒。
養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣
人的天性大致是差不多的,但是在習(xí)慣方面卻各有不同,習(xí)慣是慢慢養(yǎng)成的,在幼小的時候最容易養(yǎng)成,一旦養(yǎng)成之后,要想改變過來卻還不很容易。
例如說:清晨早起是一個好習(xí)慣,這也要從小時候養(yǎng)成,很多人從小就貪睡懶覺,一遇假日便要睡到日上三竿還高臥不起,平時也是不肯早起,往往蓬首垢面的就往學(xué)校跑,結(jié)果還是遲到,這樣的人長大了之后也常是不知振作,多半不能有什么成就。祖逖聞雞起舞,那才是志士奮勵的榜樣。
我們中國人最重禮,因為禮是行為的軌范。禮要從家庭里做起。姑舉一例:為子弟者“出必告,反必面”,這一點點對長輩的起碼的禮,我們是否已經(jīng)每日做到了呢?我看見有些個孩子們早晨起來對父母視若無睹,晚上回到家來如入無人之境,遇到長輩常常橫眉冷目,不屑搭訕。這樣的跋扈乖戾之氣如果不早早的糾正過來,將來長大到社會服務(wù),必將處處引起摩擦不受歡迎。我們不僅對長輩要恭敬有禮,對任何人都應(yīng)維持相當(dāng)?shù)亩Y貌。
大聲講話,擾及他人的寧靜,是一種不好的習(xí)慣。我們試自檢討一番,在別人讀書工作的時候是否有過喧嘩的行為?我們要隨時隨地為別人著想,維持公共的秩序,顧慮他人的利益,不可放縱自己,在公共場所人多的地方,要知道依次排隊,不可爭先恐后地去亂擠。
時間即是生命。我們的生命是一分一秒的在消耗著,我們平常不大覺得,細(xì)想起來實在值得警惕。我們每天有許多的零碎時間于不知不覺中浪費掉了,我們?nèi)裟莛B(yǎng)成一種利用閑暇的習(xí)慣,一遇空閑,無論其為多么短暫,都利用之做一點有益身心之事,則積少成多終必有成。常聽人講過“消遣”二字,最是要不得,好像是時間太多無法打發(fā)的樣子,其實人生短促極了,哪里會有多余的時間待人“消遣”?陸放翁有句云:“待飯未來還讀書!蔽抑烙腥司徒(jīng)常利用這“待飯未來”的時間讀了不少的大書。古人所謂“三上之功”,枕上、馬上、廁上,雖不足為訓(xùn),其用意是在勸人不要浪費光陰。
吃苦耐勞是我們這個民族的標(biāo)志。古圣先賢總是教訓(xùn)我們要能過得儉樸的生活,一個有志的人之能耐得清寒。惡衣惡食,不足為恥,豐衣足食,不足為榮,這在個人之修養(yǎng)上是應(yīng)有的認(rèn)識,羅馬帝國盛時的一位皇帝,Marcus Aurelius,他從小就摒絕一切享受,從來不參觀那當(dāng)時風(fēng)靡全國的賽車比武之類的娛樂,終其身成為一位嚴(yán)肅的苦修派的哲學(xué)家,而且也建立了不朽的事功。這是很值得欽佩的,我們中國是一個窮的國家,所以我們更應(yīng)該體念艱難,棄絕一切奢侈,尤其是從外國來的奢侈。從小就養(yǎng)成儉樸的習(xí)慣,更要知道物力維艱,竹頭木屑,皆宜愛惜。
以上數(shù)端不過是偶然拈來,好的習(xí)慣千頭萬緒,“勿以善小而不為”。習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成之后,便毫無勉強(qiáng),臨事心平氣和,順理成章。充滿良好習(xí)慣的生活,才是合于“自然”的生活。
Cultivating Good Habits
Men are about the same in human nature, but differ in habit. Habit is formed little by little, and most easily in one’s childhood. Once it is formed, it is difficult to break.
For example, the good habit of early rising also starts from one’s early life. Many people, however, have been in the habit of sleeping late ever since they were kids. They won’t get up till late morning on holidays and even oversleep on work days. Children are often late for school though they make a rush even without washing up. Such children, when they grow up, will often lack drive and most probably get nowhere. The story of Zu Ti1 rising at cockcrow to practise swordplay should be a good example for all men of resolve to learn from.
We Chinese set great store by propriety because it is the accepted rules of social behavior. Propriety begins from the family. For example, children should keep their parents informed of their whereabouts. That is the ABC of good manners on the part of children. Yet some children just ignore their parents when they get up in the morning or come back from school. They often pull a long face and refuse to converse when they meet their elders. If they continue to be so cocky and willful without correcting themselves as soon as possible, they will never get along well with other people some days as members of society. We should be polite not only to our elders, but also to all people.
It is a bad habit to talk loudly to the disturbance of others. Ask yourself if you ever made a lot of noise while others were at their studies or at work. We should be considerate of others at all times and places, caring for public order and interests and abstaining from self-indulgence. In crowded public places, you should line up and never push through to get ahead of others.
Time is life. Our life is ticking away unnoticed minute by minute and second by second. It is certainly alarming when we come to think of it. Every day we are unconsciously wasting many odd moments. We should acquire the habit of utilizing leisure time, and snatch every odd moment to do whatever is beneficial to our body and mind. That will enable us to achieve good results little by little. People often talk most improperly about “seeking relaxation” as if they had more than enough time for them to while away. Life is, in fact, extremely short. How can you find so much surplus time for you to fool away? Lu Fangweng says in one of his poems, “Spend even the pre-meal odd moment in reading.” As far as I know, many people did snatch the odd moment before a meal to do a lot of reading. Our ancients recommended “three on’s”, that is, doing reading even while you are on a pillow, on a horse or on a nightstool. All that, though impracticable, serves the purpose of advising people not to waste time.
Ours is a nation known for industry and self-denial. Frugality has always been the teaching of our ancient sages and wise men. A man of strong will should be able to endure Spartan living conditions. It should not be regarded as a disgrace to live a simple life. Nor should it be regarded as a glory to live a luxurious life. That should be the correct understanding one needs for self-cultivation. Marcus Aurelius, emperor of the Roman Empire in its heyday, refused to enjoy all comforts of life from childhood and always keep kept away from amusements like the chariot race then in vogue and other fighting-skill competitions. He remained a life-long staunch Stoic philosopher and meanwhile distinguished himself by numerous exploits. Ours is a poor country, so it is even more necessary for us to see the tough conditions facing us and renounce all luxuries, especially those coming from abroad. We should build up the habit of leading a thrifty life. We should bear in mind that all material resources are hard to come by and should be treasured, even including their odds and ends.
The above points have been picked by me at random. Good habits are too numerous to be dealt with one by one, but none, however, are too small to keep. Habit, once formed, will become your natural and spontaneous behaviour. A life full of good habits will be a life conforming with the law of nature.
Zu Ti, a patriotic general of the Jin Dynasty (317-420 A.D.). He was good friends with Liu Kun, another general. When they were young, being petty officials but highly motivated, they often encouraged each other and both rose at cockcrow to pratise swordplay.
簡介
梁實秋(1903年1月6日—1987年11月3日),浙江省杭縣(今杭州)人,出生于北京,原名梁治華,字實秋,筆名子佳、秋郎、程淑等。中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代散文家、學(xué)者、文學(xué)批評家、翻譯家。
1923年8月赴美留學(xué),并取得哈佛大學(xué)文學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。1926年回國后,先后任教于國立東南大學(xué)(1928年更名為國立中央大學(xué),1949年更名為南京大學(xué))、國立青島大學(xué)(今中國海洋大學(xué)、山東大學(xué)共同前身)并任外文系主任。1949年到臺灣,任臺灣師范大學(xué)英語系主任、所長、文學(xué)院院長。1987年11月3日,梁實秋病逝于臺北,享年84歲。
梁實秋不僅一生給中國文壇留下了兩千多萬字的著作,創(chuàng)造了中國現(xiàn)代散文著作出版的最高紀(jì)錄, 而且是中國國內(nèi)第一個研究莎士比亞的權(quán)威,中國翻譯《莎士比亞全集》第一人。
人物經(jīng)歷
1915年,梁實秋考入清華學(xué)校。在該校高等科求學(xué)期間開始寫作。
1920年9月,于《清華周刊》增刊第6期發(fā)表第一篇翻譯小說《藥商的妻》。
1921年5月28日,于《晨報》第7版發(fā)表第一篇散文詩《荷水池畔》。
1923年8月,畢業(yè)后赴美國科羅拉多州科羅拉多學(xué)院(Colorado College)留學(xué)。
1924年,到上海編輯《時事新報》副刊《青光》,同時與張禹九合編《苦茶》雜志。不久任暨南大學(xué)教授。
1925年,任國立青島大學(xué)第一任外國語學(xué)院系主任。
梁實秋1926年,回國任教于國立東南大學(xué)(南京大學(xué)前身)。
1927年春,與胡適、徐志摩、聞一多等人創(chuàng)辦新月書店,次年又創(chuàng)辦《新月》月刊。
梁實秋1930年7月,南京政府教育部決定成立國立青島大學(xué),并于9月30日正式任命楊振聲為國立青島大學(xué)校長。楊振聲便邀請梁實秋到國立青島大學(xué)任外文系主任兼圖書館長(即今中國海洋大學(xué))。
1932年,到天津編《益世報》副刊《文學(xué)周刊》。
1934年,應(yīng)聘任北京大學(xué)研究教授兼外文系主任。
1935年秋,創(chuàng)辦《自由評論》,先后主編過《學(xué)文》和《北平晨報》副刊《文藝》。
1937年,“七七事變”后離家獨身到后方。
梁實秋1938年抗戰(zhàn)開始,梁實秋在重慶主持《中央日報·平明副刊》。任國民參政會參政員,教育部小學(xué)教科書組主任,國立編譯館翻譯委員會主任委員?箲(zhàn)后回任北平師大教授。
梁實秋1949年,到臺灣,任臺灣師范大學(xué)英語系教授,后兼系主任,再后又兼文學(xué)院長。
1961年,起專任師大英語研究所教授。
1966年退休。曾攜妻子程季淑游美,在美臺兩地輪流居住,其妻辭世后重返臺灣。
1975年,同韓菁清結(jié)婚。
1987年11月3日,病逝于臺北。
個人生活
梁實秋夫婦原配夫人程季淑(1901年—1974年4月30日),祖籍安徽績溪,1927年2月11日與梁實秋結(jié)婚。育有三女一子,長女梁文茜;次女(夭折);長子梁文騏;四女梁文薔。1974年4月30日,在美國西雅圖,梁實秋和程季淑到市場購物,臨街的一個梯子突然倒下落在程季淑身上。她因傷勢過重,離開人世。他寫下了《槐園夢憶》一書,寄托對亡妻的悼念之情。
續(xù)弦韓菁清(1931年10月19日—1994年8月10日),原名韓德榮。湖北黃陂人。早年在上海從事歌唱,1946年當(dāng)選為上!案栊腔屎蟆。1949年遷居香港,曾在萬國美專學(xué)習(xí)繪畫、在圣約翰英文書院習(xí)英語,練習(xí)書法。余時開始填詞并寫散文小品,在香港《中聲晚報》等報刊上發(fā)表,后集結(jié)成單行本出版。后又步入影壇,主演、編導(dǎo)了《一夕緣》《大眾情人》《一代歌后》《香格里拉》和《我的愛人就是你》等影片。1975年5月9日,與梁實秋結(jié)婚。
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