初中時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)

時(shí)間：2022-01-12 10:10:24 總結(jié) 我要投稿

初中時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)范文

　　對(duì)某一階段的工作、學(xué)習(xí)或思想中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或情況進(jìn)行分析研究，做出帶有規(guī)律性的結(jié)論。下面是小編為大家收集的初中時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)范文，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。

初中時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)范文

　　初中時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)表格篇1

　　Ⅰ.英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)

　　時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。

　　一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

　　概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

　　always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞

　　否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。

　　二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：

　　概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1990, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞

　　否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

　　三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

　　概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing

　　否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

　　四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

　　概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing

　　否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。

　　五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

　　概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done

　　否定形式：have/has + not +d one.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。

　　六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：

　　概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.

　　否定形式：had + not + done.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。

　　七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：

　　概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

　　否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

　　八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：

　　概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.

　　基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.

　　否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。

　�、�.幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

　　英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：

　　一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀

　　語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從以來(lái)有時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看：

　　A. He joined the League two years ago.

　　B. He has been in the League for two years.

　　C. It is two years since he joined the League.

　　D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.

　　二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：

　　Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

　　Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

　　三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！”請(qǐng)看：

　　The train is leaving soon.

　　The train will leave soon.

　　四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事；將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看：

　　We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

　　We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

　　初中時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)總結(jié)表格篇1

　　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

　　1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday

　　I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

　　2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。

　　The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.

　　3) 表示格言或警句中。

　　Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　?/p>

　　注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

　　4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的`狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。

　　I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.

　　第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

　　1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

　　Where did you go just now

　　2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

　　When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

　　Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

　　3）句型：

　　It is time for sb. to do sth"到……時(shí)間了""該……了"

　　It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了""早該……了"

　　It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺(jué)了。

　　It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。

　　would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事

　　Id rather you came tomorrow.

　　4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。

　　I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

　　比較：

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

　　Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義：她已不在人間。)

　　Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)

　　Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

　　Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去) 注意：用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。

　　1）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

　　Did you want anything elseI wondered if you could help me.

　　2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.

　　Could you lend me your bike

　　used to/be used to

　　used to + do："過(guò)去常常"表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。

　　Mother used not to be so forgetful.

　　Scarf used to take a walk.(過(guò)去常常散步)

　　be used to + doing：對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

　　He is used to a vegetarian diet.

　　Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)

　　典型例題

　　---- Your phone number againI ___ quite catch it.

　　---- Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 答案A.

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)

　　1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。

　　will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。

　　Which paragraph shall I read first.

　　Will you be at home at seven this evening

　　2)be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。

　　a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow

　　b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。

　　c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

　　3)be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

　　4)be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.

　　注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　be going to/will 用于條件句時(shí)， be going to表將來(lái)

　　will表意愿

　　If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

　　Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

　　be to和be going to

　　be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

　　be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。

　　I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)

　　Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排)

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

　　1）下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。

　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus starIt stars in ten minutes.

　　2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：

　　Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

　　3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。

　　When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

　　Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

　　4）在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

　　I hope they have a nice time next week.

　　Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

　　用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)

　　意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

　　Im leaving tomorrow.

　　Are you staying here till next week

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過(guò)去分詞。

　　比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

　　2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

　　yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

　　this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

　　不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

　　過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

　　舉例：

　　I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）

　　I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

　　Why did you get up so early （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。）

　　Who hasnt handed in his paper（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）

　　She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。

　　She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。

　　He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

　　He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

　　He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)

　　I have finished my homework now.

　　---Will somebody go and get Dr. White

　　---Hes already been sent for.

　　句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

　�。ㄥe(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

　�。▽�(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

　　用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

　　1）It is the first / second time…. that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city.

　　It was the third time that the boy had been late.

　　2）This is the… that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

　　This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.

　　這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

　　This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。

　　典型例題

　　(1) ---Do you know our town at all

　　---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. cameD. am coming

　　答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。

　　(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before

　　---No, its the first time I ___ here.

　　A. even, comeB. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

　　答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無(wú)論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。

　　注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.

　�。▽�(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month.

　　比較since和for

　　Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。

　　I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born..

　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

　　注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　I worked here for more than twenty years.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

　　I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

　　小竅門(mén)：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。

　　1)(對(duì)) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

　　= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

　　2)(錯(cuò)) Harry has got married for six years.

　　= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

　　顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四種用法

　　1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。

　　I have been here since 1920

　　2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here since five months ago.

　　3) since +從句

　　Great changes have taken place since you left.

　　Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

　　4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

　　延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞

　　1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

　　延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié) 果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

　　He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果)

　　Ive known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)

　　2)用于till / until從句的差異

　　延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"

　　He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。

　　He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。

　　典型例題

　　1. You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

　　答案B.

　　2.---Im sorry to keep you waiting.

　　---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案A.

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　1）概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去

　　----|-----------|-----------|---->其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。

　　那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在

　　2）用法

　　a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

　　b. 狀語(yǔ)從句

　　在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

　　c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"

　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.

　　3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

　　He said that he had learned some English before.

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

　　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

　　典型例題

　　The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

　　A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

　　答案D. "把書(shū)忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書(shū)"這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前，因此"忘了書(shū)"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句中when表示的是時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，表示在"同學(xué)們正忙于……"這一背景下，when所引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。因此

　　前一句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　注意：had no … when還沒(méi)等…… 就……h(huán)ad no sooner… than剛…… 就……

　　He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

　　用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)

　　1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed.

　　My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

　　2 ) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.

　　3)敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

　　將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　1) 構(gòu)成will / be going to do sth.

　　2) 概念